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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Compare the social organisation of work in industrial capitalism and platform capitalism.

  • UPSC 2026
  • Works and Economic Life

Industrial capitalism organised work around the factory: concentrated wage labour under direct supervision, which Karl Marx (Capital, Vol. I, 1867) analysed as the real subsumption of labour under capital. Nick Srnicek (Platform Capitalism, 2016) describes a newer form in which digital intermediaries extract data and coordinate dispersed workers without formally employing them. Both extract surplus,…

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