Hindi Literature Syllabus – UPSC

Hindi Literature Syllabus: Paper-1

Section A- History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi

• Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during the medieval period
• Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi
• Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during the 19th Century
• The early form of Khari-boli in Siddha- Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitya, Rahim, etc. and Dakhni Hindi.
• Development of Hindi as a national Language during the freedom movement
• Standardization of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi
• Grammatical Structure of Standard Hindi
• Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts of its reform & Standard form of Hindi
• Scientific and Technical Development of Hindi Language
• Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship
• The development of Hindi as a National Language of the Union of India

Section B- History of Hindi Literature

• The relevance and importance of Hindi Literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature
• Literary trends of the following four periods of the history of Hindi Literature, that is, Adikal, Bhaktikal, Ritikal, Adhunik Kaal
  • Adikal- Sidh, Nath and Raso Sathiya
  • Prominent poets- Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati
  • Ritikal- Ritikavya, Titibaddhkavya & Riti Mukta Kavya
  • Prominent poets- Keshav Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand
  • Bhaktikal- Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara
  • Prominent poets- Kabit, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi
  • Adhunik Kal- Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal
  • Prominent writers- Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra
  • Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Javadi Kavita
  • Prominent poets- Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeye, Muktibodh, Nagarjun
• Katha Sahitya
  • Upanyas & Realism
  • The origin and development of Hindi Novels
  • Prominent Novelists- Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu, and Bhism Sahani
  • The origin and development of Hindi short story
  • Prominent short story writers- Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti
• Drama & Theatre
  • The origin & development of Hindi Drama
  • Prominent Dramatists- Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh
  • The development of Hindi Theatre
• Criticism
  • The origin and development of Hindi criticism: Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana
  • Prominent critics- Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra
  • The other form of Hindi prose- Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant

Hindi Literature Syllabus: Paper-2

Section A

• Jayasi: Padmawat Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)
• Surdas– Bhramar Geet Sar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
• Tulsidas– Ramcharitmanas
• Kabir– Kabir Granthavali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis)
• Maithili Sharan Gupta– Bharat Bharati
• Bihari– Bihari Ratnakar Jagannath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
• Prasad– Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg)
• Nirala– Rag Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta)
• Nagarjun: Badal ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha
• Agyeya– Aangan Ke Paar Dwaar
• Muktibodh: Brahm Rakhashas
• Dinkar– Kurukshetra

Section B

• Bharatendu: Bharat Durdasha
• Mohan Rakesh: Ashad Ka Ek Din
• Ramchandra Shukla: Chintamani (Part I) (Kavita Kya Hai)
• Satyendra: Nibandh Nilaya
• Premchand: Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai/Manjusha – Prem Chand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai.
• Prasad: Skandagupta
• Yashpal: Divya
• Phaniswar Nath Renu: Maila Anchal
• Mannu Bhandari: Mahabhoj
• Rajendra Yadav: Ek Dunia Samanantar