Q. Consider the following pairs:
Medieval Indian State Present Region
- Champaka : Central India
- Durgara : Jammu
- Kuluta : Malabar
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 only
Answer: (b) 2 only
Notes:
| Medieval Indian State | Present Region |
|---|---|
| Champaka | Chamba |
| Durgara | Jammu |
| Kuluta | Kullu |
| Malwa | Central India |
| Kamarupa | Assam |
| Trigarta | Jalandhar |
| Utkala | Orissa |
| Twipra | Tripura |
| Medieval City | Founder |
|---|---|
| Mehrauli | Qutubbuddin Aibak |
| Siri Fort | Alauddin Khilji |
| Tughlaqabad | Giasuddin Tughlaq |
| Jahapanah | Mohammad Bin Tughlaq |
| Feroz Shah Kotla | Feroz Shah Tughlaq |
| Deen Panah | Humayun |
| Shajahanabad | Shahjahan |
Q. Consider the following:
The arrival of Babur into India led to the
- introduction of gunpowder in the subcontinent
- introduction of the arch and dome in the region’s architecture
- establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 3 only
Notes:
- Babur established the Timurid dynasty in India.
- Babur was a descendant of Timurid dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineage, descended from the warlord Timur and led to the establishment of Timurid dynasty in the region.
- The Mongols invasion led to the transmission of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons into India.
- Chinese gunpowder technology is believed to have arrived in India by the mid-14th century but it was introduced much earlier by the Mongols.
- Mongols conquered both China and some borderlands of India, perhaps around the mid-13th century.
- After the unification of a large Mongol Empire resulted in the free transmission of previously Chinese technology into Mongol conquered parts of India.
- It is believed that the Mongols used Chinese gunpowder weapons during their invasions of India.
- It is believed that gun powder technology came much before the Mughal invasion.
- The Arch and dome in the region’s architecture were introduced by the Turks after the invasion of Muhammad Ghori.
Q. With reference to Indian history, which of the following is/are the essential element/elements of the feudal system?
- A very strong centralized political authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority
- Emergence of administrative structure based on control and possession of land
- Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the feudal lord and his overlord
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Notes:
- Feudalism is a political system of power dispersed and balanced between king and nobles.
- Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour (lord-vassal relationship).
- The Provincial or local political authority is not weak in the feudal system.
- Generally, feudalism has been regarded as the fabric of medieval society, and the stage of social and economic development that preceded Capitalism.
- As such, feudalism provided stability within societies, restoring public order and strengthening the monarchy.
- The Zamindari system is often referred to as a feudal-like system.
- It involves an administrative structure based on control and possession of the land.
- Originally the Zamindari System was introduced in the pre-colonial period to collect taxes from peasants, and it continued during colonial British rule.
Q. Who of the following founded a new city on the south bank of a tributary to river Krishna and undertook to rule his new kingdom as the agent of a deity to whom all the land south of the river Krishna was supposed to belong?
(a) Amoghavarsha I
(b) Ballala II
(c) Harihara I
(d) Prataparudra II
Answer: (c) Harihara I
Notes:
Harihara I
- Harihara I was the founder of the Vijayanagara Empire.
- His initial military exploits and established his control over the valley of Tungabhadra River (a tributary of Krishna), and gradually he expanded his control to certain regions of Konkan and Malabar Coast.
- The death of the last ruler of Madurai, Veera Ballala III and the vacuum created facilitated Harihara I to emerge as a sovereign power.
- The entire Hoysala territories came under his rule directly.
Amoghavarsha I
- Amoghavarsha I was a famous king of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty.
- The reign of Amoghavarsha is from 800 to 878 AD (though some scholars say that his reign was 62 years), one of the longest reigns.
- Amoghavarsha was a patron of the Jains and liberally patronized the Digambara sect of Jains.
Veera Ballal III
- Veera Ballal III was Hoysala ruler of Dwarasamudra.
- He was defeated by Allauddin Khilji’s army.
Prataparudra II
- Pratāparudra, also known as Rudradeva II.
- He was the last ruler of the Kakatiya dynasty of India.
- He ruled the eastern part of Deccan, having its capital at Warangal.
- He succeeded his grandmother Rudramadevi as the Kakatiya monarch.