Q. Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’?

• Swadeshi Movement
• Quit India Movement
• Non-Cooperation Movement
• Civil Disobedience Movement

Answer: (a) Swadeshi Movement

Notes:

• Swadeshi movement was the result of the partition of Bengal.  
• After the partition of the Bengal Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was adopted as a means of integration. 
• It was aimed at self Reliance, self-determination, and self-help.
• Tilak called it Bahiskar Yoga.
• Bande Mataram became the theme song of this movement.
• Swadeshi movement along with the Boycott Movement aimed at boycotting foreign-made goods and adopting Indian goods as an alternative.
• Boycott and public burning of foreign clothes, picketing of shops selling foreign goods were adopted.
• The Shivaji and Ganpati festivals were organized by Tilak to deliver the Swadeshi message to the masses. 
• The National College of Bengal was founded with Aurobindo Ghosh as its principal. 
• The national education council was established in August 1906.
• It also changed the character of the Indian National Congress.  
• The Congress split into moderates and extremists at the Surat session which weakened the Swadeshi Movement.