Q. “To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India” is a provision made in the

  • Preamble of the Constitution
  • Directive Principles of State Policy
  • Fundamental Rights
  • Fundamental Duties

Answer: (d) Fundamental Duties

Fundamental Duties:
  • The idea of Fundamental Duties is inspired from the Constitution of Russia.
  • The Indian Constitution includes a single Article, Article 51A, in Part IV-A, which deals with Fundamental Duties. These duties were added through the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976, outlining 11 Fundamental Duties for citizens.
  • Originally 10 in number, one more duty was added through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002. All the eleven duties are listed in Article 51-A of the Constitution (the sole Article in Part-IV-A).
  • The fundamental duties serve as a reminder to citizens that while enjoying their rights, they have also to be quite conscious of duties they owe to their country, their society and to their fellow-citizens.
  • However, like the Directive Principles, the duties are also non-justiciable in nature.
  • These fundamental duties are mentioned below:
    1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem,
    2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom,
    3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India,
    4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so,
    5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women,
    6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture,
    7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures,
    8. To develop a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform,
    9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence,
    10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement, and
    11. To provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years (added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002).