{"id":808,"date":"2023-06-15T12:45:22","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T07:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=808"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:21:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:51:54","slug":"q-consider-the-following-fauna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-consider-the-following-fauna","title":{"rendered":"Q. Consider the following \u2018fauna :"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lion-tailed Macaque<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malabar Civet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sambar Deer<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How many of the above are generally&nbsp;<strong>nocturnal<\/strong>&nbsp;or most active after sunset?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"mcq wp-block-list\">\n<li>Only one<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Only two<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All three<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Only two<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lion-tailed Macaque<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Lion Tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) is an&nbsp;<strong>old world monkey native to the western ghats<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>of Southern India.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The life expectancy for a wild lion-tailed macaque is&nbsp;<strong>20 years&nbsp;<\/strong>while it is 30 years in captivity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lion-tailed macaque is&nbsp;<strong>diurnal in nature<\/strong>, as in being active solely during daylight hours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preferring&nbsp;<strong>rainforest environments<\/strong>&nbsp;it is a&nbsp;<strong>good climber<\/strong>, spending most of its time in the&nbsp;<strong>upper reaches of a tropical rainforest<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its habitats consist of&nbsp;<strong>rainforest regions of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unlike other macaques, lion-tails&nbsp;<strong>avoid humans as much as possible.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They form hierarchical groups of about 20 members. These groups fiercely defend their territories with loud cries and if necessary, brawling aggressively.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>diet of the lion-tailed macaque consists of fruits, leaves, buds, and insects<\/strong>. However, they diversify their diets in the event of environmental change or scarcity. They are also known to&nbsp;<strong>feed on fruits seeds, shoos, flowers and other parts of non indegenous plants.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As per the assessment carried out by the International Unit for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) it was reported that&nbsp;<strong>3000-3500 of the lion-tailed macaque population was dispersed in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka<\/strong>. Its red list categories it as \u2018<strong>endangered&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Silent Valley has the largest number of lion tailed macaque in South India.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Founds in the&nbsp;<strong>Kudremukh and Sharavathi Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka,&nbsp;<\/strong>the<strong>&nbsp;Anamalai Tiger Reserve and Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu&nbsp;<\/strong>and the<strong>&nbsp;Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park in Kerala.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their population range is becoming significantly limited&nbsp;<strong>due to spread of agriculture and commercial farming for tea, coffee.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Construction of new dams and irrigational facilities&nbsp;<\/strong>are also a factor in their decline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Lion-tailed-Macaque.jpg\" alt=\"Lion-tailed Macaque\" class=\"wp-image-7832\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Malabar Civet<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>Malabar large spotted civet is one of the world\u2019s rarest mammals.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malabar Civet is a&nbsp;<strong>nocturnal and elusive animal.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is&nbsp;<strong>endemic to Western Ghats of India.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Civetone extract from the scent gland used in medicine, and in perfumes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Habitat<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wooded plains and hill slopes of evergreen rainforests<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lowland forests, lowland swamp and riparian forests in the coastal plain districts of the Western Ghats<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Major Threats<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Habitat destruction and Hunting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deforestation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Commercial Plantations .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conservation Status<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IUCN Red List:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Critically Endangered.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972<\/strong>: Schedule I<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CITES:<\/strong>&nbsp;Appendix III<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Malabar-Civet.jpg\" alt=\"Malabar Civet\" class=\"wp-image-40156\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sambar Deer<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sambar, a large deer species&nbsp;<strong>native to Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia<\/strong>, is listed as&nbsp;<strong>vulnerable<\/strong>&nbsp;due to hunting, insurgency, and habitat exploitation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is known for its&nbsp;<strong>large antlers, shaggy coat and small mane<\/strong>, and is found in a variety of habitats near water sources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It inhabits a variety of habitats including&nbsp;<strong>tropical dry forests, tropical seasonal forests, subtropical mixed forests, montane grasslands, and tropical rainforests<\/strong>. The sambar&nbsp;<strong>prefers the dense cover of deciduous shrubs and grasses,<\/strong>&nbsp;and is often found near water sources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sambar are&nbsp;<strong>nocturnal or crepuscular animals<\/strong>, and the&nbsp;<strong>males live alone<\/strong>&nbsp;for much of the year, while the&nbsp;<strong>females live in small herds of up to 16 individuals<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They often&nbsp;<strong>congregate near water and are good swimmers<\/strong>. They are generally&nbsp;<strong>quiet animals<\/strong>, but can make short, high-pitched sounds when alarmed. They communicate by scent marking and foot stamping, which is an unusual pattern for deer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The sambar is an&nbsp;<strong>important prey species for large carnivores&nbsp;<\/strong>such as the tiger, dhole, and crocodiles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Sambar-Deer-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"Sambar Deer\" class=\"wp-image-40157\" width=\"723\" height=\"482\" title=\"\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_ad1356-dc .kt-block-spacer{height:40px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_ad1356-dc .kt-divider{border-top-width:2px;border-top-color:#eee;width:100%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-_ad1356-dc\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How many of the above are generally&nbsp;nocturnal&nbsp;or most active after sunset? Answer: (b) Only two Lion-tailed Macaque Malabar Civet Sambar Deer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[36],"years":[50],"class_list":["post-808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-environment","years-50"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":36,"label":"Environment"}],"years":[{"value":50,"label":"2023"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":36,"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":36,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":193,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=808"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":841,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/808\/revisions\/841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=808"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}