{"id":2975,"date":"2026-05-25T12:39:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T07:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2975"},"modified":"2026-05-25T12:39:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T07:09:05","slug":"pandit-mallikarjun-mansur-the-famous-classical-singer-from-karnataka-represented-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/prelims\/pandit-mallikarjun-mansur-the-famous-classical-singer-from-karnataka-represented-the","title":{"rendered":"Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur, the famous classical singer from Karnataka, represented the:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>Agra Gharana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gwalior Gharana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Patiala Gharana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: (d) Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Option (d) is correct:<\/strong> <strong>Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur<\/strong> (1910\u20131992) was an unparalleled maestro of <strong>Khayal singing<\/strong> who belonged to the <strong>Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana<\/strong> (founded by Alladiya Khan). He was renowned for his command over rare and complex (<em>aprac \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924<\/em>) ragas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Option (a) is incorrect:<\/strong> The <strong>Agra Gharana<\/strong> is deeply rooted in the <strong>Nauhar Bani<\/strong> and was made famous by icons like <strong>Ustad Faiyaz Khan<\/strong> (&#8220;Aftab-e-Mousiqi&#8221;). Its style blends Dhrupad-style nom-tom alap with Khayal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Option (b) is incorrect:<\/strong> The <strong>Gwalior Gharana<\/strong> is recognised as the <strong>oldest full-fledged <em>Khayal<\/em> Gharana, founded by Nathan Khan and Peer Baksh<\/strong>. Its style is characterised by simplicity, clarity, and straight note (<em>Sarsari<\/em>) usage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Option (c) is incorrect:<\/strong> The <strong>Patiala Gharana<\/strong> was founded by <strong>Ustad Ali Baksh and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan<\/strong>. Its most celebrated representative was <strong>Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan<\/strong>, famous for highly intricate, fast ornamentation (<em>taans<\/em>) and Thumri rendering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur and the Karnataka-Hindustani Confluence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Geographic Anomaly:<\/strong> While born in Dharwad, <strong>Karnataka<\/strong> (traditionally the heartland of Carnatic music), Mallikarjun Mansur became a titan of <strong>Hindustani Classical Music<\/strong>. The Dharwad-Hubli region acts as a cultural bridge, producing multiple Hindustani doyens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lineage &amp; Training:<\/strong> He initially trained under Nilkanth Bua Alurmath (Gwalior Gharana) but achieved his signature mastery under <strong>Alladiya Khan&#8217;s sons<\/strong>\u2014Ustad Manji Khan and Ustad Bhurji Khan\u2014firmly anchoring him in the <strong>Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key Recognition:<\/strong> He was honored with all three top civilian Padma awards (Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan) and received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship. His autobiographical work is titled <em>Nanna Rasa Yatre<\/em> (&#8220;My Journey in Rasa&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Architectural Mechanics of the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Founder:<\/strong> Founded by <strong>Ustad Alladiya Khan<\/strong> in the late 19th century, emerging from the convergence of singers from Jaipur (Rajasthan) and Atrauli (Uttar Pradesh).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stylistic Identity:<\/strong> Renowned for its performance of <strong>Aprachalit (rare\/uncommon) Ragas<\/strong> and complex, compound ragas (<em>Jod Ragas<\/em>) like Basant Bahar or Bihagda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Technique:<\/strong> Characterized by a continuous, unbroken stream of singing (<em>Akar<\/em>) without sudden gaps, using a highly intricate, spiraling melodic pattern known as <strong>Vakra Taans<\/strong>. Unlike other gharanas that shift clearly between slow (<em>Vilambit<\/em>) and fast (<em>Drut<\/em>) tempos, Jaipur-Atrauli specializes in the <strong>Madhyalaya<\/strong> (medium-tempo) presentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detailed Matrix of Major Hindustani Vocal Gharanas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Gharana<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Founder \/ Royal Patronage<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Core Stylistic Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Iconic Proponents for Elimination<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Gwalior<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Ustad Naththan Khan, Peer Baksh<\/em>; Scindia Court.<\/td><td><strong>The Mother Gharana:<\/strong> Simple, straight melodic structures, emphasis on <em>Dhrupad<\/em>-ang, heavy use of open-throated singing.<\/td><td>Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, Pandit Kumar Gandharva, DV Paluskar.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Agra<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Haji Sujan Khan<\/em> (Mughal era), <em>Ustad Faiyyaz Khan<\/em> (&#8220;Aftab-e-Mousiqi&#8221;).<\/td><td>Deeply rooted in <em>Dhrupad-Dhamar<\/em>; emphasis on powerful, rhythmic play (<em>Layakari<\/em>) and nomadic Nom-Tom alap.<\/td><td>Khadim Hussain Khan, Sharafat Hussain Khan.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Patiala<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Ustad Ali Baksh &amp; Ustad Fateh Ali Khan<\/em> (Alia-Fattu); Patiala Court.<\/td><td>Intricate, lightning-fast <em>Taans<\/em>, heavy integration of Punjabi <em>Thumri<\/em> and <em>Sargam<\/em> patterns.<\/td><td><strong>Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan<\/strong>, Ajay Chakraborty.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kirana<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Ustad Abdul Karim Khan &amp; Abdul Wahid Khan<\/em>; Kurukshetra region.<\/td><td>Intense focus on <strong>Svara (individual notes)<\/strong> and emotional depth (<em>Bhava<\/em>); slower-paced step-by-step <em>Alapchari<\/em>.<\/td><td><strong>Pandit Bhimsen Joshi<\/strong>, Prabha Atre, Gangubai Hangal.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prominent Proponents of the Jaipur-Atrauli School<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mogubai Kurdikar:<\/strong> Disciple of Alladiya Khan; legendary vocalist who preserved the structural purity of the gharana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kishori Amonkar:<\/strong> Daughter of Mogubai Kurdikar; she modernized the school by introducing avant-garde emotional expression into the rigid framework of the Jaipur style.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki:<\/strong> Renowned for blending the Jaipur tradition with the classical music traditions of Goa and Maharashtra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer: (d) Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana Pandit Mallikarjun Mansur and the Karnataka-Hindustani Confluence The Architectural Mechanics of the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana Detailed Matrix of Major Hindustani Vocal Gharanas Gharana Founder \/ Royal Patronage Core Stylistic Feature Iconic Proponents for Elimination Gwalior Ustad Naththan Khan, Peer Baksh; Scindia Court. The Mother Gharana: Simple, straight melodic structures, emphasis on Dhrupad-ang,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[43],"years":[74],"class_list":["post-2975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims","category-upsc","tag-art-and-culture","years-74"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"},{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"}],"post_tag":[{"value":43,"label":"Art and Culture"}],"years":[{"value":74,"label":"2026"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1},{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":43,"name":"Art and Culture","slug":"art-and-culture","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":43,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":80,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2975"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2975\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2975"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}