{"id":2971,"date":"2026-05-24T17:36:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-24T12:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2971"},"modified":"2026-05-24T17:36:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T12:06:06","slug":"which-of-the-following-pairs-of-the-king-and-his-dynasty-in-early-historical-tamilakam-is-are-not-correctly-matched","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/prelims\/which-of-the-following-pairs-of-the-king-and-his-dynasty-in-early-historical-tamilakam-is-are-not-correctly-matched","title":{"rendered":"Which of the following pairs of the king and his dynasty in early historical Tamilakam is\/are not correctly matched?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Senguttuvan : Chera<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Udiyanjeral : Chola<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nedunjeliyan : Pandya<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Select the answer using the code given below: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>1 and 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 only<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Answer: (b) 2 only<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pair 1 is correctly matched:<\/strong> <strong>Cheran Senguttuvan<\/strong> (the &#8220;Red Chera&#8221;) is the most celebrated king of the Chera dynasty. He is famous in the Sangam epic <em>Silappatikaram<\/em> for founding the <strong>Pattini cult<\/strong> (worship of Kannagi as the ideal wife) and launching an expedition to the Himalayas to procure stone for her idol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pair 2 is incorrectly matched (The Catch):<\/strong> <strong>Udiyanjeral<\/strong> (or Udiyanjeral Athan) was a <strong>Chera king<\/strong>, not a Chola. He is immortalized in Sangam poetry for allegedly feeding both the Pandava and Kaurava armies during the Mahabharata war. The most prominent early Chola king was <strong>Karikala Chola<\/strong> (who built the Kallanai dam).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pair 3 is correctly matched:<\/strong> <strong>Nedunjeliyan<\/strong> is the name of famous Pandya rulers. One is celebrated for victory at the <strong>Battle of Talaiyalanganam<\/strong>, and another is the tragic king in the <em>Silappatikaram<\/em> who mistakenly executed Kovalan and died of shock upon realizing his injustice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chronological Context of Tamilakam and the Muventar<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Concept:<\/strong> Early historical Tamilakam (spanning modern Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and parts of Andhra Pradesh\/Karnataka) was dominated by three crowned monarchies known collectively as the <strong>Muventar<\/strong> (Three Crowned Kings): the <strong>Cheras<\/strong>, the <strong>Cholas<\/strong>, and the <strong>Pandyas<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Timeline Matrix:<\/strong> This era corresponds to the <strong>Sangam Age<\/strong>, spanning roughly from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, historically anchored by internal poetic anthologies and external Greco-Roman trade records.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Chera Lineage and Key Rulers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Senguttuvan (Cheran Senguttuvan \/ The Red Chera):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Celebrated as the greatest ruler of the Chera dynasty in the Sangam epic <strong><em>Silappatikaram<\/em> (written by his brother Ilango Adigal)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Famous for establishing the <strong>Pattini cult<\/strong> (worship of Kannagi as the ideal, chaste wife).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geographically controlled the western coast (Malabar region) and targeted maritime trade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Udiyanjeral (Udiyanjeral Atan):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He belongs to the <strong>Chera dynasty<\/strong>, <strong>not<\/strong> the Chola dynasty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recognized as the first major historical ruler of the Cheras.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mythologically and poetically celebrated in Sangam literature for allegedly feeding both the Pandava and Kaurava armies during the Mahabharata War.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Pandya Lineage and Key Rulers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nedunjeliyan (Aryappadai Kadantha Nedunjeliyan):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A prominent Pandya king heavily featured in the <em>Silappatikaram<\/em>. He is the king who wrongly executed Kovalan (Kannagi&#8217;s husband) on false charges of stealing the queen&#8217;s anklet, subsequently dying of grief and guilt when the truth was revealed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Talaiyalanganathu Nedunjeliyan:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Another distinct, later Pandya ruler of the same name, celebrated for winning the historic <strong>Battle of Talaiyalanganam<\/strong>. He defeated a combined confederacy of the Cheras, Cholas, and five minor chieftains (<em>Velirs<\/em>), establishing Pandyan hegemony over the southern region.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dynastic Seat:<\/strong> The Pandyas ruled from <strong>Madurai<\/strong> and were famed for their pearl fisheries at the port of <strong>Korkai<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Chola Lineage and Key Rulers for Elimination<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Capital and Port:<\/strong> The Cholas ruled over the fertile Kaveri delta region with their inland capital at <strong>Uraiyur<\/strong> and their primary port city at <strong>Puhar<\/strong> (Kaveripattinam).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Karikala Chola (Karikala Peruvalathan):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The most illustrious ruler of the early Cholas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Won the <strong>Battle of Venni<\/strong>, defeating a combined force of Cheras and Pandyas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Credited with constructing the <strong>Kallanai Dam (Grand Anicut)<\/strong> across the Kaveri River, one of the oldest water-regulatory structures still in use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Overview-of-South-Indian-kingdoms.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2988\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Overview-of-South-Indian-kingdoms.png 1024w, https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Overview-of-South-Indian-kingdoms-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Overview-of-South-Indian-kingdoms-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Overview-of-South-Indian-kingdoms-768x1152.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Select the answer using the code given below: Answer: (b) 2 only Chronological Context of Tamilakam and the Muventar The Chera Lineage and Key Rulers The Pandya Lineage and Key Rulers The Chola Lineage and Key Rulers for Elimination<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[40],"years":[74],"class_list":["post-2971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims","category-upsc","tag-ancient-history","years-74"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"},{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"}],"post_tag":[{"value":40,"label":"Ancient 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