{"id":2903,"date":"2026-04-23T08:22:38","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2903"},"modified":"2026-04-23T08:22:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:52:40","slug":"consider-the-following-statements-23","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/prelims\/consider-the-following-statements-23","title":{"rendered":"Consider the following statements:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I. Indian Railways have prepared a&nbsp;<strong>National Rail Plan (NRP)<\/strong>&nbsp;to create a future-ready railway system&nbsp;<strong>by 2028<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II. \u2018<strong>Kavach<\/strong>\u2019 is an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed&nbsp;<strong>in collaboration with<\/strong>&nbsp;Germany.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III. \u2018Kavach\u2019 system consists of RFID tags fitted on tracks in station sections.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which of the above statements given above are<em>&nbsp;<\/em><strong><em>not<\/em>&nbsp;correct?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>I and II only\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>II and III only\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I and III only\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I, II and III\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) I and II only<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Indian Railways<\/strong>\u00a0has undertaken two major initiatives: the\u00a0<strong>National Rail Plan (NRP)<\/strong>\u00a0and the\u00a0<strong>\u2018Kavach\u2019 Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system<\/strong>. Both are designed to modernize and secure the railway infrastructure and operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The National Rail Plan (NRP) has been developed with the aim of creating a \u2018future ready\u2019 railway system by the year 2030, not 2028.<\/strong>\u00a0The plan intends to meet future demand (both passenger and freight) up to\u00a0<strong>2050<\/strong>, and to increase the\u00a0<strong>modal share of railways in freight transport to 45%<\/strong>. It includes investment planning, capacity building, and infrastructure upgrades.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u2018Kavach\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0is an\u00a0<strong>indigenous<\/strong>\u00a0ATP system developed by the\u00a0<strong>Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO)<\/strong>\u00a0under Indian Railways. There is\u00a0<strong>no German collaboration<\/strong>\u00a0involved in its creation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Kavach system<\/strong>\u00a0uses\u00a0<strong>Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags<\/strong>\u00a0placed on the railway tracks, especially in station sections. These tags work in coordination with onboard and trackside equipment to detect train location, and\u00a0<strong>automatically apply brakes<\/strong>\u00a0in case of collision threats, signal violations, or overspeeding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kavach\">\u2018Kavach\u2019:<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>It is India\u2019s own automatic protection system, which has been in development since 2012 under the name Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)\u00a0<\/strong>and has been renamed Kavach or \u201carmour.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a\u00a0<strong>collection of electronic devices and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices\u00a0<\/strong>that are installed in locomotives, the signaling system, and the tracks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>They communicate with one another via ultra-high radio frequencies<\/strong>\u00a0in order to control train brakes and alert drivers, all based on the logic programmed into them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TCAS, also known as Kavach, incorporates key elements from existing and tried-and-tested systems such as the European Train Protection and Warning System and the indigenous Anti Collision Device.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kavach, in its current form, adheres to the highest level of safety and reliability standard known as\u00a0<strong>Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 4.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A higher SIL Level indicates a higher level of process hazard, and a higher level of protection is required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In its new guise, India wants to position\u00a0<strong>Kavach as an exportable system,<\/strong>\u00a0a cheaper alternative to the European systems that are popular around the world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While Kavach is currently using\u00a0<strong>Ultra High Frequency<\/strong>, work is being done to make it compatible with\u00a0<strong>4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology<\/strong>\u00a0and to make the product available in global markets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Indian Railways have prepared a&nbsp;National Rail Plan (NRP)&nbsp;to create a future-ready railway system&nbsp;by 2028.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II. \u2018Kavach\u2019 is an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed&nbsp;in collaboration with&nbsp;Germany.&nbsp;&nbsp; III. \u2018Kavach\u2019 system consists of RFID tags fitted on tracks in station sections.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Which of the above statements given above are&nbsp;not&nbsp;correct?&nbsp; Answer: (a) I and II only \u2018Kavach\u2019:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[47],"years":[63],"class_list":["post-2903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims","category-upsc","tag-international-relations","years-63"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"},{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"}],"post_tag":[{"value":47,"label":"International Relations"}],"years":[{"value":63,"label":"2025"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1},{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":47,"name":"International Relations","slug":"international-relations","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":47,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":79,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2903"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2903\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2903"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}