{"id":2891,"date":"2026-04-23T08:06:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2891"},"modified":"2026-04-23T08:06:42","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:36:42","slug":"who-provided-legal-defence-to-the-people-arrested-in-the-aftermath-of-chauri-chaura-incident","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/prelims\/who-provided-legal-defence-to-the-people-arrested-in-the-aftermath-of-chauri-chaura-incident","title":{"rendered":"Who provided legal defence to the people arrested in the aftermath of Chauri Chaura incident?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>C. R. Das\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Khwaja Hasan Nizami\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. A. Jinnah\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"madan-mohan-malaviya\"><strong>Madan Mohan Malaviya<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Chauri Chaura incident (5 February 1922)<\/strong>\u00a0occurred during the\u00a0<strong>Non-Cooperation Movement<\/strong>, when a violent clash between protesters and police led to the burning of a police station in\u00a0<strong>Chauri Chaura (Gorakhpur district, United Provinces)<\/strong>, resulting in the death of\u00a0<strong>22 policemen<\/strong>. Following the incident, the British authorities carried out mass arrests and initiated legal proceedings against hundreds of participants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A total of\u00a0<strong>225 persons were tried in the Gorakhpur Sessions Court<\/strong>\u00a0under charges of\u00a0<strong>rioting and arson<\/strong>. In the initial judgement delivered by\u00a0<strong>Sessions Judge H. E. Holmes<\/strong>, severe punishments were awarded:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>170 persons were sentenced to death<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>several others received imprisonment,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and some accused died in police custody during the trial process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At this stage,\u00a0<strong>Madan Mohan Malaviya<\/strong>, a prominent nationalist leader and distinguished lawyer, returned to legal practice to defend the accused. Although he had earlier reduced his involvement in law after entering active politics, he\u00a0<strong>appeared before the Allahabad High Court to challenge the harsh sentences<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malaviya, along with\u00a0<strong>Krishna Kant<\/strong>, provided legal defence for the accused. Through detailed legal arguments and appeals, they successfully demonstrated weaknesses in the prosecution\u2019s case and the excessive nature of the punishments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a result of this defence:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The number of\u00a0<strong>death sentences was drastically reduced<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>153 accused were acquitted<\/strong>, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>only a small number ultimately faced capital punishment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malaviya\u2019s intervention is considered an important example of\u00a0<strong>legal humanitarianism within the nationalist movement<\/strong>, as it helped save many people from wrongful execution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, the legal defence for those arrested after the\u00a0<strong>Chauri Chaura incident<\/strong>\u00a0was provided by\u00a0<strong>Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"c-r-das-chittaranjan-das\">C. R. Das (Chittaranjan Das)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C. R. Das (1870\u20131925)<\/strong>&nbsp;was one of the most famous nationalist lawyers of his time and participated in several important political trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alipore Bomb Case (1908\u20131909)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Das served as the\u00a0<strong>defence lawyer for Aurobindo Ghosh<\/strong>, who had been accused of involvement in revolutionary activities related to the\u00a0<strong>Anushilan Samiti<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Through a powerful legal argument, he demonstrated the\u00a0<strong>lack of direct evidence linking Aurobindo to the conspiracy<\/strong>, leading to Aurobindo\u2019s\u00a0<strong>acquittal in 1909<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This case brought Das national recognition as a brilliant advocate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other Contribution:<\/strong>\u00a0Later, he gave up his lucrative legal practice to participate in the\u00a0<strong>Non-Cooperation Movement<\/strong>\u00a0and subsequently founded the\u00a0<strong>Swaraj Party (1923)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dr-saifuddin-kitchlew-and-khwaja-hasan-nizami\">Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Khwaja Hasan Nizami<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dr-saifuddin-kitchlew-18881963\">Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew (1888\u20131963)<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A nationalist leader from\u00a0<strong>Punjab<\/strong>\u00a0and an important figure in the\u00a0<strong>Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His\u00a0<strong>arrest along with Dr. Satyapal in April 1919<\/strong>\u00a0triggered protests in Amritsar that culminated in the\u00a0<strong>Jallianwala Bagh massacre<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Although he was trained in law, his historical significance lies primarily in\u00a0<strong>political leadership and nationalist activism<\/strong>, rather than courtroom defence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"khwaja-hasan-nizami-18781955\">Khwaja Hasan Nizami (1878\u20131955)<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>Sufi scholar, writer, and social reformer<\/strong>\u00a0from Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Known for promoting\u00a0<strong>communal harmony and social reform<\/strong>\u00a0through his writings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He\u00a0<strong>did not play a notable role in legal defence of major nationalist cases<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"m-a-jinnah-muhammad-ali-jinnah\">M. A. Jinnah (Muhammad Ali Jinnah)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876\u20131948)<\/strong>&nbsp;was one of the most prominent&nbsp;<strong>barristers in colonial India<\/strong>, practising at the&nbsp;<strong>Bombay High Court<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak Sedition Trial (1916)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jinnah acted as the\u00a0<strong>defence lawyer for Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong>, who had been charged with sedition by the British government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His legal arguments helped secure\u00a0<strong>Tilak\u2019s acquittal<\/strong>, strengthening Jinnah\u2019s reputation as a skilled constitutional lawyer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other Legal Role:<\/strong>\u00a0Jinnah was also known for his\u00a0<strong>constitutional approach to politics<\/strong>, advocating reforms through\u00a0<strong>legal and legislative methods<\/strong>\u00a0rather than mass agitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer: (b) Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant&nbsp; Madan Mohan Malaviya C. R. Das (Chittaranjan Das) C. R. Das (1870\u20131925)&nbsp;was one of the most famous nationalist lawyers of his time and participated in several important political trials. Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Khwaja Hasan Nizami Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew (1888\u20131963) Khwaja Hasan Nizami (1878\u20131955) M. A. Jinnah&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[42],"years":[63],"class_list":["post-2891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims","category-upsc","tag-modern-history","years-63"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"},{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"}],"post_tag":[{"value":42,"label":"Modern History"}],"years":[{"value":63,"label":"2025"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1},{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":42,"name":"Modern History","slug":"modern-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":42,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":87,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2891"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2891\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2891"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}