{"id":2888,"date":"2026-04-23T08:06:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2888"},"modified":"2026-04-23T08:06:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:36:34","slug":"consider-the-following-subjects-with-regard-to-non-cooperation-programme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/prelims\/consider-the-following-subjects-with-regard-to-non-cooperation-programme","title":{"rendered":"Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme:\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>II. Observance of strict non-violence&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><strong>III. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><\/strong>IV. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How many of the above were parts of the Non-Cooperation Programme?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>Only one\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Only two\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Only three\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All the four<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) Only three&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"noncooperation-movement-ncm\"><strong>Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201cThe Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) was the first nationwide movement launched by Gandhiji in 1920 during British rule.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Non-Cooperation Movement (1920\u201322)<\/strong>\u00a0was the first\u00a0<strong>large-scale mass movement under Mahatma Gandhi<\/strong>, mobilising people across regions, classes and communities against British colonial rule through non-violent resistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cIt emerged as a powerful and fervent response to a culmination of grievances and disillusionment that had been building up among the Indian populace.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The movement developed due to widespread resentment caused by\u00a0<strong>repressive colonial policies, economic hardship after World War I, and dissatisfaction with limited constitutional reforms<\/strong>\u00a0offered by the British.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cRowlatt Act and the brutal Jallianwala Bagh Massacre were the immediate causes for launching the movement.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Rowlatt Act (1919)<\/strong>\u00a0permitted detention without trial, while the\u00a0<strong>Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)<\/strong>\u00a0exposed the brutality of colonial rule, intensifying nationalist anger and leading to mass mobilisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"approval-of-the-movement\">Approval of the Movement<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201cCongress, at its special session of Calcutta in September 1920, approved the Non-Cooperation movement, which was later endorsed by the Nagpur session of Congress in December 1920.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Calcutta Session (1920)<\/strong>\u00a0of the Indian National Congress accepted Gandhi\u2019s proposal for Non-Cooperation. The\u00a0<strong>Nagpur Session (1920)<\/strong>\u00a0subsequently ratified the programme and reorganised Congress to facilitate mass participation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cThe movement saw tremendous participation of masses throughout the country.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For the first time, the nationalist movement involved\u00a0<strong>students, peasants, workers, traders, lawyers, and women<\/strong>, transforming the freedom struggle into a\u00a0<strong>broad-based popular movement<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"organisational-changes-at-the-nagpur-session-1920\">Organisational Changes at the Nagpur Session (1920)<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201cProvincial Congress Committees were reorganised on the basis of linguistic areas.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Congress units were reorganised on\u00a0<strong>linguistic lines<\/strong>\u00a0to improve communication with the masses and strengthen grassroots political mobilisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cThe Congress was now to be led by a Working Committee of 15 members, including the president and the secretaries.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>15-member Working Committee<\/strong>\u00a0was created as the central executive body to guide the organisation and coordinate political activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cThis would enable the Congress to function as a continuous political organisation and would provide it with the machinery for implementing its resolutions.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These organisational reforms converted Congress from a periodic deliberative body into a\u00a0<strong>permanent mass political organisation capable of directing nationwide movements<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cCongress membership was thrown open to all men and women of the age of 21 or more on payment of 4 annas as annual subscription.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Membership was broadened to include the masses through a\u00a0<strong>nominal fee of four annas<\/strong>, enabling wider public participation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cIn 1921 the age limit for membership was reduced to 18.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lowering the membership age further\u00a0<strong>expanded youth participation in the nationalist movement<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"programmes-of-the-noncooperation-movement\">Programmes of the Non-Cooperation Movement<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201cSurrender of titles and honorary positions.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Participants were asked to\u00a0<strong>renounce British-granted titles and honours<\/strong>, such as \u201cSir,\u201d \u201cRai Bahadur,\u201d etc. Hence,\u00a0<strong>retention of titles without using them publicly was not part of the programme<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Non-Cooperation Programme\u00a0<strong>involved the renunciation of government titles and honorary positions<\/strong>\u00a0(not the retention of titles and honours without using them in public).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cResignation of membership from the local bodies.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indians were encouraged to\u00a0<strong>withdraw from government-controlled local bodies and institutions<\/strong>, symbolising refusal to cooperate with colonial administration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cBoycott of foreign goods; Courts, Government functions and legal practise; government schools and colleges and elections held in accordance with the provisions of the 1919 Act;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The movement called for the\u00a0<strong>boycott of colonial institutions and goods<\/strong>, including:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Law courts and legal practice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Government schools and colleges<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elections under the\u00a0<strong>Government of India Act, 1919<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Foreign goods, particularly\u00a0<strong>foreign cloth<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many leading lawyers of the country, like\u00a0<strong>C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru, Saifuddin Kitchlew, C. Rajagopalachari, M.R. Jayakar, Vallabhbhai Patel, Asaf Ali and T. Prakasham,<\/strong>\u00a0quit their practice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cThousands of volunteers went from house to house, trying to persuade people of the importance of adopting Swadeshi.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Congress volunteers actively\u00a0<strong>mobilised the public to adopt Swadeshi goods and reject foreign products<\/strong>, spreading nationalist awareness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cThe foreign-made clothing was gathered and set ablaze.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Public\u00a0<strong>bonfires of imported cloth<\/strong>\u00a0became a symbolic act of protest against British economic dominance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cBoycott of legislative councils (There were differences over boycott of councils). The boycott movement against liquor and toddy shops.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The programme included\u00a0<strong>boycott of legislative councils<\/strong>\u00a0and campaigns against\u00a0<strong>liquor and toddy shops<\/strong>, reflecting moral and social reform objectives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cNational schools, colleges, and private panchayat courts were established.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alternative national institutions were promoted to replace colonial structures, including:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>National educational institutions<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Private panchayat courts for dispute settlement<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cKashi Vidyapeeth, Bihar Vidyapeeth, and Jamia Millia Islamia were established.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These institutions symbolised the\u00a0<strong>creation of indigenous education systems independent of British control<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establishing\u00a0<strong>panchayats for settlement of disputes<\/strong>\u00a0formed part of the constructive programme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cPopularising Swadeshi goods and Khadi.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The movement emphasised\u00a0<strong>economic self-reliance<\/strong>, encouraging people to wear\u00a0<strong>khadi and use indigenous goods<\/strong>\u00a0instead of British imports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cIt marked the first time the Indian National Congress appealed directly to the masses, leading to a significant increase in membership.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Non-Cooperation Movement transformed Congress into a\u00a0<strong>mass-based organisation<\/strong>, dramatically increasing popular participation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cMaintenance of Hindu-Muslim unity and practice of strict nonviolence.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The movement sought to promote\u00a0<strong>communal harmony<\/strong>, particularly through cooperation with the\u00a0<strong>Khilafat movement<\/strong>, while strictly adhering to\u00a0<strong>non-violent methods<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cPromotion of Charkha and Khadi and Jail Bharo Andolan by Congress volunteers.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Volunteers promoted\u00a0<strong>charkha (spinning wheel)<\/strong>\u00a0as a symbol of self-reliance and willingly courted arrest in acts of\u00a0<strong>civil resistance (Jail Bharo)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cTilak Swaraj Fund was announced by Gandhi, which aimed at collecting Rs 1 crore to aid constructive work.\u201d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To finance the movement and constructive programmes,\u00a0<strong>Gandhi launched the Tilak Swaraj Fund in 1921<\/strong>, aiming to raise\u00a0<strong>\u20b91 crore<\/strong>\u00a0to support organisational expansion and nationalist activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;II. Observance of strict non-violence&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;III. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IV. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; How many of the above were parts of the Non-Cooperation Programme?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Answer: (c) Only three&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) Approval of the Movement Organisational Changes at the Nagpur Session&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[42],"years":[63],"class_list":["post-2888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims","category-upsc","tag-modern-history","years-63"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"},{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"}],"post_tag":[{"value":42,"label":"Modern History"}],"years":[{"value":63,"label":"2025"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1},{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":42,"name":"Modern History","slug":"modern-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":42,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":87,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2888"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2888\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2888"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}