I. No virus can survive in ocean water. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
II. No virus can infect bacteria. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
III. No virus can change the cellular transcriptional activity in host cells. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
How many of the statements given above are correct? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nAnswer: (d) None<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n
- A virus is a\u00a0submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells<\/strong>\u00a0of an organism. Viruses\u00a0infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea<\/strong>. Viruses are found in\u00a0almost every ecosystem on Earth<\/strong>\u00a0and are the most numerous type of biological entity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Viruses are abundant in ocean waters.<\/strong>Oceans are estimated to contain more than 10\u00b3\u2070 viruses<\/strong>, making them one of the most virus-rich environments on Earth.\n
\n
- The vast majority of these are bacteriophages<\/strong>, which infect marine bacteria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- These viruses play a key role in regulating microbial populations, nutrient cycling, and even in carbon cycling, by influencing the death and lysis (breaking down) of microbial cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Marine viruses are an active area of research in marine biology, virology, and climate science.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- There is a well-known class of viruses called bacteriophages (<\/strong>or simply phages) that\u00a0specifically infect bacteria.<\/strong>\n
\n
- These are widely used in research and have even found\u00a0therapeutic applications (called phage therapy) to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bacteriophages attach to bacterial cells, inject their genetic material, and hijack the bacterial machinery to replicate themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites,\u00a0<\/strong>meaning\u00a0they rely on host cell machinery to replicate.<\/strong>\n
\n
- To achieve this,\u00a0many viruses manipulate and alter the host cell\u2019s transcriptional activity\u00a0<\/strong>(and other cellular processes) to favour viral gene expression and replication.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- This can involve\u00a0activating or repressing host genes<\/strong>, hijacking host transcription factors, or introducing their own transcriptional machinery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I. No virus can survive in ocean water. II. No virus can infect bacteria. III. No virus can change the cellular transcriptional activity in host cells. How many of the statements given above are correct? Answer: (d) None <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[44],"years":[63],"class_list":["post-2871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims","category-upsc","tag-science-and-tech","years-63"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"},{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":63,"label":"2025"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1},{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2871"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2871\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2871"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}