{"id":2867,"date":"2026-04-22T21:13:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:43:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2867"},"modified":"2026-04-22T21:13:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T15:43:54","slug":"consider-the-following-substances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/prelims\/consider-the-following-substances","title":{"rendered":"Consider the following substances:\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I. Ethanol&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II. Nitroglycerine&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III. Urea&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Coal gasification technology<\/strong>&nbsp;can be used in the production of how many of them?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>Only one\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Only two\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All the three\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>None\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Only two&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"coal-gasification\"><strong>Coal Gasification<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Coal gasification<\/strong>\u00a0is a process that\u00a0<strong>converts coal into syngas<\/strong>\u00a0(synthesis gas), a mixture primarily consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H\u2082), carbon dioxide (CO\u2082), and methane (CH\u2084).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This is achieved by reacting coal at\u00a0<strong>high temperatures (typically above 1000\u00b0C)\u00a0<\/strong>with a controlled amount of oxygen and\/or steam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Syngas is a valuable feedstock<\/strong>\u00a0and can be further processed to produce various chemicals, fuels, and fertilisers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ethanol can be produced indirectly from coal through the coal gasification route.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In this method,\u00a0<strong>coal is gasified to produce syngas<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>which is then converted into ethanol\u00a0<\/strong>through a catalytic or microbial fermentation process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While ethanol is most commonly produced from sugar or starch-based biomass through fermentation (especially in countries like India and Brazil), coal-to-ethanol technology is used in countries with abundant coal resources but limited agricultural biomass.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nitroglycerine cannot be produced through coal gasification.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a chemical compound synthesized by the nitration of glycerol (glycerin) using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glycerol, the key raw material in this process, is typically a byproduct of the soap-making or biodiesel industries and has no direct connection with coal or syngas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since neither glycerol nor the acids used in nitration are derived from coal or its gasification products,\u00a0<strong>coal gasification plays no role in the production of nitroglycerine<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Urea\u00a0<\/strong>is one of the most important fertilizers and can indeed be\u00a0<strong>produced using coal gasification technology.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In this process,\u00a0<strong>coal is gasified to produce syngas,<\/strong>\u00a0which is further used to\u00a0<strong>synthesise ammonia<\/strong>\u00a0via the\u00a0<strong>Haber-Bosch process.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ammonia thus obtained is then reacted with carbon dioxide to produce urea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This method offers an alternative to conventional natural gas-based urea production and has been adopted in coal-rich countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Ethanol&nbsp;&nbsp; II. Nitroglycerine&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; III. Urea&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Coal gasification technology&nbsp;can be used in the production of how many of them?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Answer: (b) Only two&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Coal Gasification<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[44],"years":[63],"class_list":["post-2867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prelims","category-upsc","tag-science-and-tech","years-63"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"},{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":63,"label":"2025"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1},{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2867"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2867\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2867"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}