{"id":2726,"date":"2025-05-26T15:06:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T09:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2726"},"modified":"2025-05-26T15:06:44","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T09:36:44","slug":"q-consider-the-following-statements-159","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-consider-the-following-statements-159","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0Consider the following statements:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement 1:<\/strong>&nbsp;In India, State Governments have&nbsp;<strong>no power for making rules<\/strong>&nbsp;for grant of concessions in respect of extraction of&nbsp;<strong>minor minerals<\/strong>&nbsp;even though such minerals are located in their territories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement 2<\/strong>: In India, the Central Government has the power to notify minor minerals under the relevant law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which one of the following is&nbsp;<strong>correct<\/strong>&nbsp;in respect of the above statements?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 explains Statement 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 does not explain Statement 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"about-major-and-minor-minerals\"><strong>Major and Minor Minerals<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>mineral<\/strong>\u00a0is a\u00a0natural substance of organic or inorganic origin\u00a0with\u00a0<strong>definite chemical and physical properties<\/strong>, forming the building blocks of rocks and ores.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under the\u00a0<strong>Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Act, 1957,\u00a0<\/strong>minerals are broadly classified in two categories, i.e.\u00a0<strong>major minerals and minor minerals.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Minor minerals means\u00a0<\/strong>building stones, gravel, ordinary clay, ordinary sand other than sand used for prescribed purposes and\u00a0<strong>any other mineral which the\u00a0<mark>Central Government may declare<\/mark><\/strong>\u00a0to be a minor mineral.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Examples include mica, quartz, agate, barytes, dolomite, sand, corundum, fireclay, gypsum, laterite, and pyrophyllite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Minor minerals are generally under the jurisdiction of state governments for mining concessions and regulation.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Major minerals<\/strong>\u00a0include all minerals other than minor minerals. E.g. Coal, Iron, Zinc, Limestone etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Framework for Governance:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Legal Framework for Mineral Regulation:<\/strong>\u00a0The\u00a0<strong>MMDR Act, 1957<\/strong>\u00a0is the primary law governing the mining sector,\u00a0<strong>except for petroleum and natural gas.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark>The\u00a0<strong>power to frame policy and legislation relating to minor minerals is entirely delegated to the State Governments<\/strong>\u00a0while\u00a0<strong>policy and legislation relating to the major minerals are dealt by the Ministry of Mines under Union \/Central Government<\/strong>.<\/mark>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus, as opposed to major minerals, the regulatory and administrative jurisdiction of minor minerals falls under the purview of State governments. These include the powers to\u00a0<strong>frame rules, prescribe rates of royalty, contribution to District Mineral Foundation, the procedure for grant of mineral concessions, regulation of their mining, control of illegal mining etc.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the case of major minerals, States substantially regulate and develop minerals subject to provisions of the MMDR Act, and\u00a0<strong>after prior permissions from the central government.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>GoI has framed additional rules<\/strong>\u00a0for mineral management:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mineral Concession (MC) Rules, 1960<\/strong>: Regulates permits, licenses, and leases for all minerals\u00a0<strong>except Atomic and Minor Minerals<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mineral Conservation and Development (MCD) Rules, 1988<\/strong>: Ensures\u00a0<strong>conservation and systematic development<\/strong>\u00a0of minerals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role of State Governments in Mineral Regulation:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Section 15 of MMDR Act, 1957<\/strong>: Gives\u00a0<strong>State Governments<\/strong>\u00a0the power to\u00a0<strong>make rules<\/strong>\u00a0for\u00a0<strong>minor minerals<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 23C of MMDR Act, 1957<\/strong>: Empowers\u00a0<strong>State Governments<\/strong>\u00a0to\u00a0<strong>prevent illegal mining, transportation, and storage<\/strong>\u00a0of minerals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 9 (b) of the MMDR Act as amended in 2015:<\/strong>\u00a0Mandates the State Government to establish District Mineral Foundation Trust in every district affected by the mining operation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Statement 1:&nbsp;In India, State Governments have&nbsp;no power for making rules&nbsp;for grant of concessions in respect of extraction of&nbsp;minor minerals&nbsp;even though such minerals are located in their territories. Statement 2: In India, the Central Government has the power to notify minor minerals under the relevant law. Which one of the following is&nbsp;correct&nbsp;in respect of the above&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[39],"years":[63],"class_list":["post-2726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-indian-polity","years-63"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":39,"label":"Indian Polity"}],"years":[{"value":63,"label":"2025"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":39,"name":"Indian Polity","slug":"indian-polity","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":39,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":188,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2726\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2726"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}