{"id":2719,"date":"2025-05-26T14:58:30","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T09:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2719"},"modified":"2025-05-26T14:58:32","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T09:28:32","slug":"q-consider-the-following-subjects-under-the-constitution-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-consider-the-following-subjects-under-the-constitution-of-india","title":{"rendered":"Q. Consider the following subjects under the Constitution of India:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>List I \u2013 Union List, in the Seventh Schedule<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extent of the executive power of a State<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conditions of the Governor\u2019s office<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>For a constitutional amendment with respect to which of the above, ratification by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States is required before presenting the bill to the President of India for assent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>1 and 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2 and 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"notes-hd-6834307cc83d1\"><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Union List (List I \u2013 Seventh Schedule)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><mark>Amendments\u00a0<strong>affecting the distribution of legislative powers<\/strong>\u00a0between Centre and States\u00a0<strong>(including changes to the Union List)<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>require ratification<\/strong>\u00a0by at least\u00a0<strong>half of the State Legislatures<\/strong>.<\/mark>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This is explicitly covered under\u00a0<strong>Article 368(2)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extent of the executive power of a State<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If a constitutional amendment affects the\u00a0<strong>executive powers of the Centre or States<\/strong>, it directly\u00a0<strong>impacts federal structure<\/strong>, hence\u00a0<strong>ratification by half the States is mandatory<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Also covered under\u00a0<strong>Article 368(2)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conditions of the Governor\u2019s office<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><mark>Any change to\u00a0<strong>Articles related to the office of Governor<\/strong>\u00a0(like Article 155 to 160), including\u00a0<strong>conditions of office<\/strong>, affects\u00a0<strong>Centre-State relations<\/strong>.<\/mark>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus,\u00a0<strong>requires ratification<\/strong>\u00a0by half the State Legislatures under Article 368(2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-amendments-in-indian-constitution\"><strong>Types of Amendments in Indian Constitution<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Article 368 of Indian Constitution<\/strong>\u00a0provides for two types of amendments:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By a\u00a0<strong>Special Majority of Parliament<\/strong>\u00a0(50% of the total membership of the House + 2\/3rd of the members present and voting),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By a\u00a0<strong>Special Majority of Parliament plus ratification of 1\/2 of the states by a Simple Majority,<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One other type of amendment can be done by a\u00a0<strong>Simple Majority of Parliament.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, these amendments are\u00a0<strong>not deemed to be amendments<\/strong>\u00a0for the purpose of\u00a0<strong>Article 368.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>By Simple Majority of Parliament<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Several provisions in the Indian Constitution can be amended by a Simple Majority i.e.\u00a0<strong>50 percent of members present and voting.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is to be noted that these\u00a0<strong>amendments fall outside the scope of Article 368.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A few examples of the provisions that can be amended by simple majority are:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Admission or establishment of new states,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in states, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>By Special Majority of Parliament<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The majority of the provisions in the Constitution can be amended only by a Special Majority\u00a0<strong>(more than 50 percent of the total membership of the House and a majority of two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The provisions that can be amended by Special Majority are:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fundamental Rights<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Directive Principles of State Policy<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All other provisions that are not covered by the first and third categories.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Special Majority with Consent of Half of States:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Those provisions of the Constitution which are<strong>\u00a0related to the federal structure of the polity<\/strong>\u00a0can only be amended by a special majority of the Parliament and also with the consent of half of the state legislatures by a simple majority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Important provisions that require ratification by the states include the\u00a0<strong>election of President<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>and High Courts<\/strong>, representation of states in Parliament,<strong>\u00a0distribution of legislative powers<\/strong>\u00a0between the Union and the states, and the extent of executive power of the Union and the states.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Most importantly, an\u00a0<strong>amendment to Article 368 itself,<\/strong>\u00a0requires ratification by the states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For a constitutional amendment with respect to which of the above, ratification by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States is required before presenting the bill to the President of India for assent? Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3 Notes: Types of Amendments in Indian Constitution<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[39],"years":[63],"class_list":["post-2719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-indian-polity","years-63"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":39,"label":"Indian Polity"}],"years":[{"value":63,"label":"2025"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":39,"name":"Indian Polity","slug":"indian-polity","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":39,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":188,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2719"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2719\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2719"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}