{"id":2634,"date":"2025-05-05T21:49:06","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T16:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2634"},"modified":"2025-05-05T21:49:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T16:19:08","slug":"q-the-government-of-india-act-of-1919-clearly-defined","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-the-government-of-india-act-of-1919-clearly-defined","title":{"rendered":"Q. The Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>the separation of power between the judiciary and the legislature<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the powers of the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(b) the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"notes-hd-6818e1352cad9\">Notes:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The British Government declared\u00a0for the first time on\u00a0<strong>August 20, 1917<\/strong>,\u00a0that its\u00a0<strong>objective<\/strong>\u00a0was the\u00a0<strong>gradual introduction of responsible Government in India<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/montagu-chelmsford-reforms-government-of-india-act-1919\/\">Government of India Act of 1919<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>was\u00a0enacted, which came into\u00a0<strong>force in 1921<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This Act is also known as\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/montagu-chelmsford-reforms-government-of-india-act-1919\/\">Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(<strong>Montagu\u00a0<\/strong>was the\u00a0<strong>Secretary of State<\/strong>\u00a0for India and\u00a0<strong>Lord Chelmsford<\/strong>\u00a0was the\u00a0<strong>Viceroy of India<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Features:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>relaxed\u00a0<\/strong>the\u00a0<strong>central control over the provinces<\/strong>\u00a0by\u00a0<strong>demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The central and provincial legislatures were authorized to\u00a0<strong>make laws on their respective list of subjects<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>structure of the government\u00a0<\/strong>continued to be\u00a0<strong>centralized\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>unitary<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It further divided the\u00a0<strong>provincial subjects<\/strong>\u00a0into two parts\u2013\u00a0<strong>transferred\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>reserved<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>transferred\u00a0<\/strong>subjects were to be administered by the<strong>\u00a0Governor with the aid of Ministers responsible to the legislative council<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>reserved\u00a0<\/strong>subjects were to be administered by the\u00a0<strong>Governor and his executive council without being responsible to the legislative council.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This\u00a0<strong>dual scheme of governance<\/strong>\u00a0was known as \u2018<strong>dyarchy<\/strong>\u2019\u2013a term derived from the\u00a0<strong>Greek<\/strong>\u00a0word\u00a0<strong>diarche\u00a0<\/strong>which means the\u00a0<strong>double rule.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It introduced, for the first time,\u00a0<strong>bicameralism<\/strong>\u00a0and<strong>\u00a0direct elections in the country.<\/strong>\u00a0The\u00a0<strong>Indian legislative council<\/strong>\u00a0was\u00a0<strong>replaced by a bicameral legislature<\/strong>\u00a0consisting of an\u00a0<strong>Upper House<\/strong>\u00a0(<strong>Council of State<\/strong>) and a\u00a0<strong>Lower House<\/strong>\u00a0(<strong>Legislative Assembly<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>majority\u00a0<\/strong>of\u00a0<strong>members\u00a0<\/strong>of both the Houses were<strong>\u00a0chosen by direct election.<\/strong>\u00a0It granted\u00a0<strong>franchises<\/strong>\u00a0to a\u00a0<strong>limited\u00a0<\/strong>number of\u00a0<strong>people\u00a0<\/strong>based on<strong>\u00a0property, tax, or education<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It required that the\u00a0<strong>three of the six members of the Viceroy\u2019s Executive Council\u00a0<\/strong>(<strong>other than the Commander-in-Chief<\/strong>) were to be\u00a0<strong>Indian<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>extended the principle of communal representation<\/strong>\u00a0by providing separate electorates for\u00a0<strong>Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It created a\u00a0<strong>new office of the High Commissioner for India in London<\/strong>\u00a0and transferred to him some of the functions hitherto performed by the Secretary of State for India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It provided for the\u00a0<strong>establishment of a public service commission.\u00a0<\/strong>Hence, a Central Public Service Commission was set up in\u00a0<strong>1926\u00a0<\/strong>for recruiting civil servants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It separated, for the first time,\u00a0<strong>provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It provided for the appointment of a<strong>\u00a0statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer:&nbsp;(b) the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments Notes:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[42],"years":[58],"class_list":["post-2634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-modern-history","years-58"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":42,"label":"Modern 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