{"id":2607,"date":"2025-05-04T20:41:13","date_gmt":"2025-05-04T15:11:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2607"},"modified":"2025-05-04T20:41:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-04T15:11:15","slug":"q-in-1920-which-of-the-following-changed-its-name-to-swarajya-sabha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-in-1920-which-of-the-following-changed-its-name-to-swarajya-sabha","title":{"rendered":"Q. In 1920, which of the following changed its name to \u201cSwarajya Sabha\u201d?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>All India Home Rule League<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hindu Mahasabha<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>South Indian Liberal Federation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Servants of India Society<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(a) All India Home Rule League<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"indian-home-rule-movement\">Indian Home Rule movement:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Indian Home Rule movement was a\u00a0<strong>movement in British India on the lines of the Irish Home Rule movement and other home rule movements<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The movement lasted around\u00a0<strong>two years between 1916\u20131918<\/strong>\u00a0and is believed to have set the stage for the Indian independence movement under the leadership of\u00a0<strong>Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong>\u00a0to the\u00a0<strong>educated English speaking upper class Indians<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In this context, two Home Rule Leagues were formed in 1916.\u00a0<strong>Lokamanya Tilak led the first, covering Maharashtra, Bombay, Karnataka, and parts of the Central Provinces<\/strong>, while\u00a0<strong>Annie Besant and S. Subramaniya Iyer led the second, which focused on areas across India, particularly Madras Presidency.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Their shared aim was to promote the demand for\u00a0<strong>Home Rule or self-government\u00a0<\/strong>for India after the war, with Tilak\u2019s famous slogan,<strong>\u00a0\u201cHome Rule is my birthright, and I will have it,\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>galvanising supporters nationwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In 1920, All India Home Rule League changed its name to Swarajya Sabha.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reasons for movement to fade out:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The movement was not a mass movement. It was restricted to educated people and college students.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The leagues did not find a lot of support among Muslims, Anglo-Indians and non-Brahmins from Southern India as they thought home rule would mean a rule of the upper caste Hindu majority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many of the moderates were satisfied with the government\u2019s assurance of reforms (as preluded in the Montague Declaration). They did not take the movement further.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Annie Besant kept oscillating between being satisfied with the government talk of reforms and pushing the home rule movement forward. She was not able to provide firm leadership to her followers. Although ultimately she did call the reforms \u2018<strong>unworthy of Indian acceptance\u2019.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In September 1918, Tilak went to England to pursue a libel case against\u00a0<strong>Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol, British journalist and author of the book \u2018Indian Unrest\u2019.<\/strong>\u00a0The book contained deprecatory comments and had\u00a0<strong>called Tilak the \u2018Father of Indian Unrest.\u2019<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Government made use of\u00a0<strong>Defence of India Act, 1915<\/strong>\u00a0to curb the activities of the agitators.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Students were prohibited from attending Home Rule meetings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilak was prosecuted and his entry in Punjab and Delhi was banned.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indian Press Act of 1910<\/strong>\u00a0was imposed on the press and restrictions were enforced.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilak\u2019s absence and Besant\u2019s inability to lead the people led to the movement\u2019s fizzing out.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The movement was left leaderless with Tilak going abroad and Besant unable to give a positive lead.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After the war, Mahatma Gandhi gained prominence as a leader of the masses and the Home Rule Leagues merged with the Congress Party in 1920.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hindu Mahasabha<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was\u00a0<strong>established in 1915 to\u00a0protect the rights of the\u00a0Hindu\u00a0community.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was known previously as the\u00a0<strong>Sarvadeshak Hindu Sabha.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In April 1921 it changed its name to\u00a0<strong>Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Founded in 1915 by\u00a0<strong>Madan Mohan Malviya<\/strong>, the Mahasabha functioned mainly as a pressure group advocating the interests of\u00a0<strong>Orthodox Hindus<\/strong>\u00a0before the British Raj from within the Indian National Congress.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the 1930s, it emerged as a distinct party under the leadership of\u00a0<strong>Vinayak Damodar Savarkar<\/strong>, who developed the concept of Hindutva and became a fierce\u00a0<strong>opponent of the western, secular nationalism<\/strong>\u00a0espoused by the Congress.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During the Second World War, the\u00a0<strong>Mahasabha supported the British war effort<\/strong>\u00a0and briefly entered coalitions with the Muslim League in provincial and central councils.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>opposed the Quit India Movement<\/strong>\u00a0and supported the British.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>party opposed the 1947 partition of India<\/strong>\u00a0and sought the establishment of a secular and united state named Hindustan with same rights for citizens without regards to religion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Eminent personalities who founded this Organisation and who presided over the All India Sessions held include\u00a0<strong>Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Lal Lajpat Rai, Veer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, etc.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u200b&nbsp;<strong>Servants of India Society<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Servants of India Society\u00a0was\u00a0<strong>formed in 1905 by\u00a0Gopal Krishna Gokhale in Pune,<\/strong>\u00a0Maharashtra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Along with him were a small group of educated Indians, as\u00a0<strong>Natesh Appaji Dravid, Gopal Krishna Deodhar, Surendra Nath Banerjee, and Anant Patwardhan<\/strong>\u00a0who wanted to promote social and human development and overthrow the British rule in India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its aim is to build a dedicated group of people\u00a0<strong>for social service and reforms.<\/strong>\u00a0It focused on\u00a0<strong>nation-building<\/strong>\u00a0through education, social welfare, and uplifting the downtrodden, particularly the underprivileged, rural, and tribal populations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The society also worked\u00a0<strong>to unite people<\/strong>\u00a0of different ethnicities and religions for welfare purposes, contributing to the integration of the masses during the Indian Independence movement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u200bSouth Indian Liberal Federation<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>Justice Party<\/strong>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was popularly known as the\u00a0<strong>Justice Party.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was a political party in the\u00a0<strong>Madras Presidency of British India.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was\u00a0<strong>established on 20 November 1916 in Victoria Memorial Hall in Madras by Dr. C. Natesa Mudaliar<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>co-founded by T. M. Nair, P. Theagaraya Chetty and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal<\/strong>\u00a0as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When a diarchial system of administration was established due to the\u00a0<strong>1919 Montagu\u2013Chelmsford reforms, the Justice Party<\/strong><strong>took part in presidential governance<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 1920, it won the\u00a0<strong>first direct elections<\/strong>\u00a0in the presidency and formed the government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was the main political alternative to the nationalist Indian National Congress in Madras. After it lost to the Congress in the 1937 election, it never recovered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It came under the leadership of Periyar E. V. Ramaswamy and his Self-Respect Movement<\/strong>. In 1944, Periyar transformed the Justice Party into the social organisation\u00a0<strong>Dravidar Kazhagam<\/strong>\u00a0and withdrew it from electoral politics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer:&nbsp;(a) All India Home Rule League Indian Home Rule movement: Reasons for movement to fade out: Hindu Mahasabha: \u200b&nbsp;Servants of India Society: \u200bSouth Indian Liberal Federation&nbsp;(Justice Party):<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[42],"years":[55],"class_list":["post-2607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-modern-history","years-55"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":42,"label":"Modern History"}],"years":[{"value":55,"label":"2018"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":42,"name":"Modern History","slug":"modern-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":42,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":87,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2607"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2607\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2607"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}