{"id":2594,"date":"2025-05-04T20:13:34","date_gmt":"2025-05-04T14:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2594"},"modified":"2025-05-04T20:13:36","modified_gmt":"2025-05-04T14:43:36","slug":"q-with-reference-to-the-history-of-india-ulgulan-or-the-great-trumult-is-the-description-of-which-of-the-following-events","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-with-reference-to-the-history-of-india-ulgulan-or-the-great-trumult-is-the-description-of-which-of-the-following-events","title":{"rendered":"Q. With reference to the history of India, \u201cUlgulan\u201d or the Great Trumult is the description of which of the following events?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>The Revolt of 1857<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Mappila Rebellion of 1921<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Birsa Munda\u2019s Revolt of 1899-1900<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(d) Birsa Munda\u2019s Revolt of 1899-1900<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"notes-hd-6816d0d15727a\">Notes:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In Indian history,\u00a0<strong>\u201cUlgulan\u201d or \u201cThe Great Tumult\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0refers to a\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/list-of-tribal-uprisings-in-india-upsc\/\">tribal rebellion<\/a>\u00a0led by Birsa Munda against British rule and exploitative policies, primarily in the Chotanagpur region of present-day Jharkhand<\/strong>; this rebellion is also known as the\u00a0<strong>Munda Rebellion<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"munda-rebellion\">Munda Rebellion<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Munda was a tribe based in\u00a0<strong>Chhota Nagpur<\/strong>\u00a0of\u00a0<strong>Jharkhand<\/strong>\u00a0whose means of living was agriculture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>cause<\/strong>\u00a0of this uprising was similar to that of other rebellions \u2013 the British\u00a0<strong>Colonizers, Zamindars and Missionaries.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Mundas practiced\u00a0<strong>Khuntkatti System,<\/strong>\u00a0where the whole clan jointly owned the land fit for cultivation.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, over the course of 19th century, the non-tribal people started to settle in the land of Munda and became\u00a0<strong>Jagirdars and zamindars<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The land owned by Mundas were\u00a0<strong>seized or forfeited<\/strong>\u00a0and they were\u00a0<strong>forced to work<\/strong>\u00a0as landless labourers in the fields of these Jagirdars and zamindars.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They\u00a0<strong>exploited these meek tribal people<\/strong>\u00a0by charging them high rate of interest and withholding their receipts. Such practices brought the indigenous people in\u00a0<strong>conflict with Dikus (outsiders).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Further, large forest areas was\u00a0<strong>constituted as the protected forest<\/strong>\u00a0and took away their rights from these lands.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The landlords and Dikus<\/strong>\u00a0(outsiders) strengthened their hold over the properties of the Mundas and demanded\u00a0<strong>begari (wageless labour).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The holders of lands were\u00a0<strong>reduced to holders of plough<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a result, their condition got worse and they lost their grip over ancestral land.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, the people of Munda tribe were\u00a0<strong>desperately in need of a person,<\/strong>\u00a0who could show them the way and lead them to fight back for their land.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-rebellion\">The Rebellion<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It was at this time,\u00a0<strong>Birsa Munda,\u00a0<\/strong>spearheaded the tribal movement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Born in 1875, he began to\u00a0<strong>understand the nature of exploitation<\/strong>\u00a0met out against his tribal villagers.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He had knowledge about the\u00a0<strong>Golden Age of Munda tribe,<\/strong>\u00a0which existed before the advent of dikus and had seen its transformation into an impoverished tribe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He strived for a positive\u00a0<strong>political programme<\/strong>, his object being the\u00a0<strong>attainment of independence<\/strong>, both religious and political.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The movement sought the\u00a0<strong>assertion of the rights of the Mundas,<\/strong>\u00a0as the real proprietors of the soil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This ideal agrarian order, according to Birsa, would be possible in a world free from the influence of European official<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a result, he\u00a0<strong>called<\/strong>\u00a0upon the Mundas to fight against superstition, give up animal sacrifice, stop taking intoxicants, to wear the sacred thread and retain the tribal tradition of worship in the sarna or the sacred grove.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The rebellion, was essentially a\u00a0<strong>revivalist movement<\/strong>, which sought to purge Munda society of all foreign elements and restore its pristine character.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Further, by 1890s, he was mobilizing people and enraging the tribal in the region.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 1894, he declared a\u00a0<strong>revolt against the British<\/strong>\u00a0and the\u00a0<strong>dikus<\/strong>\u00a0and declared to create a\u00a0<strong>\u2018Munda Raj\u2019<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under his leadership, the villagers attacked the police stations, churches and government properties in 1899.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, on 9 January, 1900, the rebels were\u00a0<strong>defeated<\/strong>. Birsa was captured and died in jail. Nearly 350 Mundas were put on trial and of them three were hanged and 44 transported for life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Significance of the Movement<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Although the rebellion could not reach the desired end, it left a\u00a0<strong>significant impact<\/strong>\u00a0on the tribal movement of India.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It showed that the tribal people had the capacity to protest against injustice and express their anger against colonial rule.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The British enacted the\u00a0<strong>Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908<\/strong>\u00a0which\u00a0<strong>restricted the transfer of tribal land to non-tribal people.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>\u201cKhuntkatti\u201d rights<\/strong>\u00a0were recognised and \u201dBeth begari\u201d was banned.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consequently, tribals won a\u00a0<strong>degree of legal protection<\/strong>\u00a0for their land rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Most importantly, Birsa Munda, in just 25 years of age, left a\u00a0<strong>legacy behind him<\/strong>, and he is named among the exceptional freedom fighters of India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer:&nbsp;(d) Birsa Munda\u2019s Revolt of 1899-1900 Notes: Munda Rebellion The Rebellion Significance of the Movement:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[42],"years":[53],"class_list":["post-2594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-modern-history","years-53"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":42,"label":"Modern History"}],"years":[{"value":53,"label":"2020"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":42,"name":"Modern History","slug":"modern-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":42,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":87,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2594"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2594\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2594"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}