{"id":2578,"date":"2025-05-04T19:42:33","date_gmt":"2025-05-04T14:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2578"},"modified":"2025-05-04T19:42:34","modified_gmt":"2025-05-04T14:12:34","slug":"q-in-the-government-of-india-act-1919-the-functions-of-provincial-government-were-divided-into-reserved-and-transferred-subjects-which-of-the-following-were-trea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-in-the-government-of-india-act-1919-the-functions-of-provincial-government-were-divided-into-reserved-and-transferred-subjects-which-of-the-following-were-trea","title":{"rendered":"Q. In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions of Provincial Government were divided into \u201cReserved\u201d and \u201cTransferred\u201d subjects. Which of the following were treated as \u201cReserved\u201d subjects?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Administration of Justice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Local Self-Government<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Land Revenue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Police<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>1, 2 and 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2, 3 and 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 3 and 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2 and 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(c) 1, 3 and 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"government-of-india-act-1919\"><strong>Government of India Act 1919<\/strong>:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Government of India Act 1919<\/strong>\u00a0was a legislative framework designed to reform British India\u2019s governance. It was\u00a0<strong>based on the\u00a0Montagu-Chelmsford Report,<\/strong>\u00a0which was drafted by\u00a0<strong>Edwin Montagu, Secretary of State for India, and\u00a0Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy<\/strong>\u00a0of India\u00a0at the time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The primary goal of the Act was to introduce a\u00a0<strong>more responsible form of government in India by increasing Indian participation in the administrative machinery\u00a0<\/strong>while retaining ultimate authority with the British Crown. The Act\u00a0<strong>established a\u00a0dual governance structure (dyarchy)\u00a0at the provincial level and a more inclusive legislative framework<\/strong>, but with some limitations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Government of India Act 1919\u00a0<strong>introduced dyarchy, allowing Indian ministers control over some provincial subjects, while the British retained power over finance and law.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>Viceroy held significant authority at the central level,<\/strong>\u00a0with limited Indian involvement in key areas like defence and foreign policy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"executive-changes-in-the-government-of-india-centre\"><strong>Executive Changes in the Government of India (Centre)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The governor-general was to be the chief executive authority.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Act\u00a0<strong>did not introduce responsible government at the Centre<\/strong>\u00a0though Indians were to have greater influence there.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>number of Indians<\/strong>\u00a0in the Governor General\u2019s Executives Council was\u00a0<strong>raised to 3 in a Council of 8.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Indian members were entrusted with departments like that of Law, Education, Labour, Health and Industries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The new scheme of Government envisaged a\u00a0<strong>division of Subjects into the Central List and the Provincial List.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A List of Central subjects was drawn up which were to be administered by the Governor General in Council.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Central List:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Those subjects which were of\u00a0<strong>national importance<\/strong>\u00a0or which related to more than one province, such as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Foreign Affairs, Defence, Political Relations, Posts and Telegraphs, Public Debt, Communications, Civil and Criminal Law and Procedure, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Any subject not specially transferred to the provinces was a Central subject.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Provincial List:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subjects of\u00a0<strong>provincial importance<\/strong>, such as\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Public Health, Local Self Government, Education, Medical Administration, Land Revenue Administration, Water Supply, Famine Relief, Law and Order, Agriculture, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0revenue resources were divided between the centre and the provinces, with land revenue going to the provinces, and income tax remaining with the centre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Analysis:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Though a step was taken towards increasing association of Indians by raising their strength to 3, yet the departments assigned to them were comparatively unimportant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nor were these members made responsible to the Legislative.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The division of subjects into two lists was not clear-cut or based on proper consideration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Although all subjects in the Provincial List were provincial for purposes of administration, that was not the case for purpose of legislation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The chief executive authority still remained with the Governor-General. He exercised full control over his Councillors and enjoyed vast powers over the country.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus the wishes of the people of the country in respect of the appointment, powers and functions of the Governor General were ignored in the Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"executive-changes-in-provincial-government-introduction-of-dyarchy\"><strong>Executive Changes in Provincial Government<\/strong>&nbsp;(Introduction of Dyarchy)<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dyarchy<\/strong>, i.e., rule of\u00a0<strong>two\u2014executive councillors and popular ministers<\/strong>\u2014was introduced. The\u00a0<strong>governor was to be the executive head in the province<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under the system of\u00a0<strong>Dyarchy<\/strong>, the subject to be dealt with by the Provincial Government were divided into two parts:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reserved subjects:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They were\u00a0<strong>administered by the Governor with the help of the members of the Executive Council<\/strong>\u00a0who were nominated by him and who were\u00a0<strong>not to be responsible to the Legislature.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Reserved subjects were:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Land Revenue,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Famine Relief,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Justice, Police,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Criminal Tribes,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Printing Presses,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Irrigation and Waterways,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mines, Factories, Electricity,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labour Welfare, Industrial Disputes,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excluded Areas,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Public Services etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transferred subjects:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They were\u00a0<strong>administered by the Governor acting with ministers appointed by him from among the elected members of the Legislature<\/strong>\u00a0and who\u00a0<strong>were to be responsible to the Legislature and were to hold office during his pleasure.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ministers were to be responsible to the legislature and had to resign if a no-confidence motion was passed against them by the legislature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The secretary of state and the governor-general could interfere in respect of \u201creserved\u201d subjects while in respect of the \u201ctransferred\u201d subjects; the scope for their interference was restricted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In case of failure of constitutional machinery in the province the governor could take over the administration of \u201ctransferred\u201d subjects also.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transferred subjects:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Education (other than European and Anglo Indian Education),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Libraries, Museums,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Local Self Government, Medical Relief,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Public Health and Sanitation, Agriculture,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co-operative Societies,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veterinary Department, Fisheries,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Public Works,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excise,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Industries,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Religious and Charitable Endowments, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The law did not require meetings of all ministers together to take decisions on all Transferred subjects. The Governor dealt with each minister individually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On matters of common concern, particularly on the allocation of the revenues, there was joint consultation between the Reserved and Transferred halves of the Government, the Governor presiding and having the last word of the subject.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Government-of-India-Act-1919-1024x467.png\" alt=\"Government of India Act 1919\" class=\"wp-image-34524\" style=\"width:816px;height:auto\" title=\"UPSC Prelims Research: Modern Indian History 2022 1\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Select the correct answer using the code given below: Answer:&nbsp;(c) 1, 3 and 4 Government of India Act 1919: Executive Changes in the Government of India (Centre) Executive Changes in Provincial Government&nbsp;(Introduction of Dyarchy)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[42],"years":[51],"class_list":["post-2578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-modern-history","years-51"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":42,"label":"Modern History"}],"years":[{"value":51,"label":"2022"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":42,"name":"Modern History","slug":"modern-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":42,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":87,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2578\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2578"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}