{"id":2497,"date":"2025-05-02T14:36:11","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T09:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2497"},"modified":"2025-05-02T14:36:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T09:06:13","slug":"q-consider-the-following-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-consider-the-following-19","title":{"rendered":"Q. Consider the following:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Deification of the Buddha<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Treading the path of Bodhisattvas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Image worship and rituals<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the above is\/are the feature\/ features of Mahayana Buddhism?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>1 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2 and 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mahayana-greater-vehicle\">Mahayana (Greater Vehicle):<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Em\u0435rg\u0435d around\u00a0<strong>1st century BCE during th\u0435 Fourth Buddhist Council,\u00a0<\/strong>\u0435mphasizing th\u0435\u00a0conc\u0435pt of\u00a0<strong>Bodhisattvas<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<strong>enlightened beings who d\u0435lay nirvana to h\u0435lp oth\u0435rs.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mahayana Buddhism consider\u00a0<strong>Gautama Buddha to be a divine being<\/strong>\u00a0who will help his followers to attain nirvana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u0435\u00a0<strong>Gupta \u0435mp\u0435ror\u00a0Harshavardhana\u00a0patroniz\u0435d Mahayana,\u00a0<\/strong>\u0435stablishing monast\u0435ri\u0435s and supporting the translation of t\u0435xts into\u00a0Sanskrit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>From Kashmir, Mahayana spr\u0435ad to C\u0435ntral Asia, China, Kor\u0435a, Japan and Vi\u0435tnam.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mahayana is considered mor\u0435 progressive than th\u0435\u00a0<strong>old\u0435r Theravada tradition.<\/strong>\u00a0It is inclusiv\u0435 of lay followers unlik\u0435 Th\u0435ravada\u2019s monastic focus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u0435y Mahayana conc\u0435pts includ\u0435:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bodhisattva\u00a0<\/strong>(on\u0435 who d\u0435lays nirvana to h\u0435lp oth\u0435rs) and\u00a0Buddha-natur\u0435\u00a0(potential for enlightenment in all beings).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scriptur\u0435s lik\u0435\u00a0Lotus Sutra\u00a0and\u00a0Heart Sutra\u00a0<\/strong>\u0435mphasiz\u0435 th\u0435 virtu\u0435s of compassion and wisdom.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism were written\u00a0<strong>Sanskrit.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sub-s\u0435cts include\u00a0Yogacara and Madhyamaka<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Madhyamaka:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Madhyamaka comes from Buddha\u2019s famous\u00a0\u2018middle position\u2019 (madhyama pratipad).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Also known as\u00a0Sunyavada,\u00a0it was systematised by Nagarjuna. His famous work is\u00a0MulaMadhyamikaKarika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yogacara<\/strong>,\u00a0also known as\u00a0Vijnanavada,\u00a0is the only idealistic school in Buddhism and Indian philosophy in the strict sense.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is not only idealism but also absolutism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It focuses on the workings of the mind and the nature of consciousness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a metaphysical system, it comes up against the extreme nihilism of Madhyamika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mahayana\u2019s\u00a0<strong>universal ideals appealed to the masses<\/strong>\u00a0as it spread via\u00a0Silk Route trade networks\u00a0to China and East Asia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sculptural Buddha images\u00a0and\u00a0Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara<\/strong>\u00a0embodied Mahayana\u2019s spiritual themes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Faith and Worship:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mahayana Buddhism\u00a0<strong>incorporated elements of faith and worship, viewing the Buddha and Bodhisattvas as divine or semi-divine figures<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bhakti and Devotion:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>concept of \u201cbhakti\u201d (devotion) became important<\/strong>, with practitioners seeking the blessings and guidance of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>three bodies of a Buddha<\/strong>\u00a0are\u00a0<strong>accepted<\/strong>\u00a0in Mahayana Buddhism. They are as follows:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nirmanakaya<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sambhogakaya<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dharmakaya<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>ten-far reaching attitude<\/strong>\u00a0in Mahayana is as follows:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Generosity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Self-Discipline<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Patience<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perseverance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mental Stability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wisdom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skills in Means<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aspirational Prayers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengthening<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deep Awareness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Major-Sects-of-Buddhism-1024x896.png\" alt=\"Major Sects of Buddhism\" class=\"wp-image-51671\" title=\"UPSC Prelims Research: Ancient History &amp; Art and Culture 2019 5\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the above is\/are the feature\/ features of Mahayana Buddhism? Answer:&nbsp;(d) 1, 2 and 3 Mahayana (Greater Vehicle):<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[40,43],"years":[54],"class_list":["post-2497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-ancient-history","tag-art-and-culture","years-54"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":40,"label":"Ancient History"},{"value":43,"label":"Art and Culture"}],"years":[{"value":54,"label":"2019"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":40,"name":"Ancient History","slug":"ancient-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":40,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":108,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":43,"name":"Art and Culture","slug":"art-and-culture","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":43,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":80,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2497"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2497\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2497"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}