{"id":2489,"date":"2025-05-02T14:21:49","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:51:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2489"},"modified":"2025-05-02T14:21:51","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:51:51","slug":"q-with-reference-to-the-history-of-india-the-terms-kulyavapa-and-dronavapa-denote","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-with-reference-to-the-history-of-india-the-terms-kulyavapa-and-dronavapa-denote","title":{"rendered":"Q. With reference to the history of India, the terms \u2018kulyavapa\u2019 and \u2018dronavapa\u2019 denote"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>measurement of land<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>coins of different monetary value<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>classification of urban land<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>religious rituals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(a) measurement of land<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-land\">Types of Land:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Various types of land are mentioned in the inscriptions:\u00a0<strong>land under cultivation was usually called Kshetra<\/strong>. Lands not under cultivation were variously called\u00a0<strong>Khila, Aprahata.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kshetra<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Cultivable land<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khila<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014Waste land<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aprahata<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Jungle or waste land<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vasti<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Habitable land<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gapata Saraha\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014 Pastoral land<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bhumichhidranyaya<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Non agricultural land during the Gupta period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The inscriptions give the impression that uncultivated land was being regularly brought under cultivation. Classification of land according to soil, fertility and the use to which it was put was not unknown.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Different land measures were known in different regions, although one cannot be certain what exact measure was denoted by a term. In some areas\u00a0<strong>Nivartana was the term used for a measure of land\u00a0<\/strong>whereas in the\u00a0<strong>inscriptions of Bengal terms like Kulyavapa and Dronavapa are used.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"measures-of-land\">Measures of Land<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Texts and inscriptions mention various land measure terms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>angula (probably \u00be inch)<\/strong>\u00a0was the\u00a0<strong>smallest measure.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>hasta (cubit)\u00a0<\/strong>is the standardized distance between the tip of the elbow and the middle finger (18 inches).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Larger units of measure included the\u00a0<strong>dhanu\/danda and nala.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The land measures used in eastern India included the\u00a0<strong>adhavapa (3\/8\u2013 1\/2 acre), dronavapa (1\u00bd\u20132 acres), and kulyavapa (12\u201316 acres).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These were the areas required to sow\u00a0<strong>one adhaka, drona, and kulya<\/strong>\u00a0of grain respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer:&nbsp;(a) measurement of land Types of Land: Measures of Land<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[40],"years":[53],"class_list":["post-2489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-ancient-history","years-53"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":40,"label":"Ancient History"}],"years":[{"value":53,"label":"2020"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":40,"name":"Ancient History","slug":"ancient-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":40,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":108,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2489"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2489"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}