{"id":2484,"date":"2025-05-02T14:15:52","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2484"},"modified":"2025-05-02T14:15:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:45:54","slug":"q-with-reference-to-the-scholars-litterateurs-of-ancient-india-consider-the-following-statements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-with-reference-to-the-scholars-litterateurs-of-ancient-india-consider-the-following-statements","title":{"rendered":"Q. With reference to the scholars\/litterateurs of ancient India, consider the following statements:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Panini is associated with Pushyamitra<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta-II<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>(a) 1 and 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(b) 2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(c) 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(c) 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"panini\"><strong>Panini:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He was born in\u00a0<strong>Shalatula on the Indus River<\/strong>\u00a0in present-day Pakistan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Panini is a\u00a0<strong>Sanskrit grammarian\u00a0<\/strong>known for his comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His major work,\u00a0<strong>Astadhyayi, consists of eight chapters detailing the rules of Sanskrit grammar.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He is considered the\u00a0<strong>founder of the language and literature of Sanskrit, and his dates are generally placed in the 4th to 7th century BCE<\/strong>, all of which are\u00a0<strong>pre-Mauryan.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pushyamitra-shunga\"><strong>Pushyamitra Shunga<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pushyamitra Shunga\u00a0<\/strong>on the other hand was the founder and first ruler of the\u00a0<strong>Shunga Empire\u00a0<\/strong>and ruled around\u00a0<strong>1st\u00a0century BC.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pushyamitra Sunga was Brahmin army chief of Brihadratha, the last king of the Mauryas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During a military parade, he killed Brihadratha and established himself on the throne in 185 or 186 BC.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to some historians, this was an internal revolt against the last Mauryan king. Some say it was a Brahminical reaction to the Mauryan overwhelming patronage of Buddhism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pushyamitra Sunga\u2019s capital was at\u00a0<strong>Pataliputra.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He successfully countered attacks from two Greek kings namely, Menander and Demetrius.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He also thwarted an attack from the Kalinga king Kharavela.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He conquered Vidarbha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He followed Brahminism. Some accounts portray him as a persecutor of Buddhists and a destroyer of stupas but there has been no authoritative evidence to this claim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During his reign, the\u00a0<strong>Stupas at Sanchi and Barhut were renovated<\/strong>. He built the\u00a0<strong>sculptured stone gateway at Sanchi.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He performed Vedic sacrifices such as Ashvamedha, Rajasuya and Vajapeya.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pushyamitra Sunga patronised the Sanskrit grammarian Patanjali.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to the Puranas, his reign lasted for 36 years. He died in 151 BC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"amarasimha\"><strong>Amarasimha:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amarasimha was a Sanskrit grammarian and poet, reputed to be one of the\u00a0<strong>\u201cnine gems\u201d in the court of Vikramaditya.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His notable work,\u00a0<strong>Amara-Kosha<\/strong>, is a vocabulary of Sanskrit roots divided into three books.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amarasimha belongs to the Gupta era, while\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/pushyabhuti-dynasty-upsc\/\">Harshavardhana<\/a>\u00a0is a post-Gupta king.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kalidasa\"><strong>Kalidasa:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kalidasa is\u00a0<strong>often regarded as the greatest playwright and dramatist of ancient India,\u00a0<\/strong>known for works such as<strong>\u00a0Shakuntala and Malavika and Agnimitra.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traditionally, he is believed to have been associated with\u00a0<strong>Chandra Gupta Vikramaditya (Chandra Gupta II)<\/strong>, although the exact dates of his life remain disputed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chandragupta-ii\">Chandragupta II<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chandragupta II, also known by his title\u00a0<strong>Vikramaditya<\/strong>, as well as Chandragupta Vikramaditya, was the third ruler of the Gupta Empire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chandragupta II was the next great emperor of Gupta empire after his father Samudragupta. He came to be known by his title\u00a0<strong>Vikramaditya (Power of Sun).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The most important event of Chandragupta II\u2019s reign was\u00a0<strong>conquest of Sakas<\/strong>.\u00a0He destroyed the Saka chieftain\u00a0<strong>Rudrasena III<\/strong>\u00a0and annexed his kingdom. Banabhatta\u2019s Harshacharita gives a reference to this event. According to Banabhatta, Rudrasena was killed while courting another man\u2019s wife by Chandragupta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His daughter\u00a0<strong>Prabhavati Gupta<\/strong>\u00a0was married to Vakataka king Rudrasena II.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He issued\u00a0<strong>silver currency\u00a0<\/strong>in close imitation of that of the Sakas after the occupation of their territory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chandragupta made\u00a0<strong>Ujjain his second capital.<\/strong>\u00a0Ujjain enjoyed pre-eminence as a religious &amp; political centre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chinese traveller\u00a0<strong>Fa Hien<\/strong>\u00a0had visited India during the time of Chandragupta II.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mehrauli Iron Pillar<\/strong>\u00a0(established by Chandragupta as\u00a0Vishnupada\u00a0in the honour of Lord Vishnu) credits Chandragupta with spread of his fame to southern seas and attainment of\u00a0Ekadhirajjyam\u00a0(United Kingdom) by prowess of his arms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chandragupta II was known for his deep interest in art and culture and nine gems or Navratna adorned his court.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Amarsimha<\/strong>\u00a0(Sanskrit lexicographer and a poet, Author of Amarkosha)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dhanvantri<\/strong>\u00a0(Physician &amp; medicine)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Harisena<\/strong>\u00a0(composed the Prayag Prasasti\u00a0or Allahabad Pillar Inscription)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><mark>Kalidasa\u00a0(Most famous Sanskrit poet and playwright)<\/mark><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kahapanaka<\/strong>\u00a0(astrologer)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sanku<\/strong>\u00a0(field of Architecture)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Varahamihira\u00a0<\/strong>(astronomical systems, mathematician and sciences)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vararuchi<\/strong>\u00a0(grammarian and Sanskrit scholar)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vetalbhatta<\/strong>\u00a0(magician)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct? Answer:&nbsp;(c) 3 only Panini: Pushyamitra Shunga Amarasimha: Kalidasa: Chandragupta II<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[40,43],"years":[53],"class_list":["post-2484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-ancient-history","tag-art-and-culture","years-53"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":40,"label":"Ancient History"},{"value":43,"label":"Art and Culture"}],"years":[{"value":53,"label":"2020"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":40,"name":"Ancient History","slug":"ancient-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":40,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":108,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":43,"name":"Art and Culture","slug":"art-and-culture","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":43,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":80,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2484"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2484"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}