{"id":2475,"date":"2025-05-02T13:56:53","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2475"},"modified":"2025-05-02T13:56:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:26:55","slug":"q-according-to-kautilyas-arthashastra-which-of-the-following-are-correct","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-according-to-kautilyas-arthashastra-which-of-the-following-are-correct","title":{"rendered":"Q. According to Kautilya\u2019s Arthashastra, which of the following are correct?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A person could be a slave as a result of a judicial punishment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If a female slave bore her master a son, she was legally free.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If a son born to a female slave was fathered by her master, the son was entitled to the legal status of the master\u2019s son.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>1 and 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2 and 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"notes-hd-68144988a625c\">Notes:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to Kautilya\u2019s Arthashastra,\u00a0<strong>a person can be enslaved for fines of court decree which Kautilya\u2019s Arthashastra is defined as \u201cDandapranita\u201d<\/strong>. There are several types of enslavement that is given in Arthashastra. One of the prime methods of enslavement was to have a person as a slave\u00a0<strong>as a result of judicial punishment\u00a0<\/strong>for some sort of criminal demeanor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to Kautilya\u2019s Arthashastra, children born to a slave and master when a slave gives birth to a child,\u00a0<strong>both the mother and child shall be recognized as free and were no longer considered to be slaves.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If a son born to a female slave was fathered by her master, the\u00a0<strong>son was entitled to the legal status of the master\u2019s son<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"slavery-in-arthashastra\">Slavery in Arthashastra:<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Arthashastra states that a\u00a0<strong>man could be a slave either by birth, by voluntarily selling himself, by being captured in war, or as a result of a judicial punishment.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Slavery was a\u00a0<strong>recognized institution<\/strong>\u00a0and the\u00a0<strong>legal relationship between master and slave was clearly defined<\/strong>\u00a0e.g. if a female slave bore her master a son, not only was she legally free but the child was entitled to the legal status of the master\u2019s son.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arthashastra gives a detailed account of the institution of slavery in a separate chapter\u00a0<strong>\u2018Dasa Kalpa\u2019.<\/strong><br>Although he has supported the institution by suggesting it is a necessary element of society, he<br>provides certain rights to enable them to achieve emancipation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>According to Kautilya, there were nine types of slaves:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A person captured in war was enslaved for a\u00a0<strong>short period of time<\/strong>. As these were mostly Aryas, they could be freed by paying half the price and attain Arya-hood again.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There were slaves who accepted the slave status for a living. Kautilya mentiones them as \u2018<strong>Udaradasa<\/strong>\u2019 (slave for stomach i.e. due to hunger)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There were slaves who were\u00a0<strong>born slaves (Grihjatah)<\/strong>. These were born in the house of the masters to the female slaves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bought slaves<\/strong>\u00a0are also mentioned in the Arthashastra and are called \u2018Krita\u2019 who could never attain freedom. They were mostly non-Aryans (Mlechcha)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Slaves received in gifts are also mentioned as Labdhah.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Slaves had been treated as chattels and they could be inherited from father to son. They are described as \u2018<strong>Daya-agatah<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A person enslaved because of<strong>\u00a0judicial punishment<\/strong>\u00a0has been mentioned as Dandapraneet. This kind of slavery was of a fixed period as Dandapraneet could be freed after serving the sentence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kautilya also described the slaves who enslaved themselves\u00a0<strong>voluntarily by selling themselves<\/strong>. They could attain freedom after some time and their children could be free even during their term of slavery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mortgaged slaves\u00a0<\/strong>are described as \u2018<strong>Ahitaka\u2019.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the statements given above are correct? Answer:&nbsp;(d) 1, 2 and 3 Notes: Slavery in Arthashastra:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[40],"years":[51],"class_list":["post-2475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-ancient-history","years-51"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":40,"label":"Ancient History"}],"years":[{"value":51,"label":"2022"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":40,"name":"Ancient History","slug":"ancient-history","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":40,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":108,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2475"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2475\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2475"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}