{"id":244,"date":"2023-06-11T20:00:12","date_gmt":"2023-06-11T14:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=244"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:20:26","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:50:26","slug":"q-in-the-context-of-who-air-quality-guidelines-consider-the-following-statements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-in-the-context-of-who-air-quality-guidelines-consider-the-following-statements","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The 24-hour mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 15 ug\/m\u00b3 and annual mean of PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"mcq wp-block-list\">\n<li>1, 3 and 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 4 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2, 3 and 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 2 only<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) 1 and 4 only<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Notes:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The&nbsp;<strong>WHO Air quality guidelines&nbsp;<\/strong>are a&nbsp;<strong>set of evidence-based recommendations of limit values<\/strong>&nbsp;for specific air pollutants developed to help countries achieve air quality that protects public health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The<strong>&nbsp;first release<\/strong>&nbsp;of the guidelines was in&nbsp;<strong>1987.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The guidelines&nbsp;<strong>offer guidance about these air pollutants: particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The guidelines<strong>&nbsp;stipulate that PM2.5 should not exceed 5 \u03bcg\/m3 annual mean,<\/strong>&nbsp;or 15 \u03bcg\/m3 24-hour mean; and that PM10 should not exceed 15 \u03bcg\/m3 annual mean or 45 \u03bcg\/m3 24-hour mean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PM10&nbsp;<\/strong>(particles with a&nbsp;<strong>diameter of 10 micrometres or less):<\/strong>&nbsp;these particles are small enough to pass through the&nbsp;<strong>throat and nose and enter the lungs.<\/strong>&nbsp;Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark><strong>PM2.5&nbsp;<\/strong>(particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less): these particles are<strong>&nbsp;so small they can get deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Particles with a diameter of&nbsp;<strong>10 microns or less, (\u2264 PM10) can penetrate and lodge deep inside the lungs.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The even more health-damaging particles are those with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less, (\u2264 PM2.5).&nbsp;<strong>PM2.5 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the blood system.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As&nbsp;<strong>ozone concentrations increase above the guideline value,&nbsp;<\/strong>health effects at the population level become increasingly numerous and severe.&nbsp;<mark>Such effects can occur in<strong>&nbsp;places where concentrations are currently high&nbsp;<\/strong>due to&nbsp;<strong>human activities<\/strong>&nbsp;or are elevated during episodes of<strong>&nbsp;very hot weather.<\/strong><\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ozone triggers asthma<\/strong>&nbsp;because it is very irritating to the lungs and airways. It is well known that<strong>&nbsp;ozone concentration is directly related to asthma attacks.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inclement Weather<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inclement Weather means the&nbsp;<strong>existence of rain or abnormal climatic conditions<\/strong>&nbsp;(whether they be those of hail, snow, cold, high wind, severe dust storm, extreme high temperature or the like or any combination thereof)&nbsp;<strong>by virtue of which it is either not reasonable or not safe for workmen exposed thereto to continue working whilst the same prevail.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_18fa41-9a .kt-block-spacer{height:40px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_18fa41-9a .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:100%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-_18fa41-9a\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the statements given above are correct? Answer: (b) 1 and 4 only Notes: Inclement Weather<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[36],"years":[51],"class_list":["post-244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-environment","years-51"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":36,"label":"Environment"}],"years":[{"value":51,"label":"2022"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":36,"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":36,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":193,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=244"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":439,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244\/revisions\/439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=244"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}