{"id":2367,"date":"2025-04-30T23:13:27","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T17:43:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2367"},"modified":"2025-04-30T23:13:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T17:43:29","slug":"q-consider-the-following-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-consider-the-following-materials","title":{"rendered":"Q. Consider the following materials :"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Agricultural residues<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Corn grain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wastewater treatment sludge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wood mill waste<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing&nbsp;<strong>Sustainable Aviation Fuel<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list mcq\">\n<li>1 and 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 and 4 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2, 3 and 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 3 and 4 only<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sustainable-aviation-fuel\"><strong>Sustainable Aviation Fuel:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)<\/strong>\u00a0is also known as\u00a0<strong>bio-jet fuel.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is made from\u00a0<strong>renewable biomass and waste resources<\/strong>\u00a0have the potential to deliver the performance of petroleum-based jet fuel.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a\u00a0<strong>\u201cdrop-in\u201d fuel<\/strong>\u00a0that can be blended\u00a0<strong>up to 50% with traditional jet fuel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Itis a\u00a0<strong>liquid fuel<\/strong>\u00a0currently used in commercial aviation which\u00a0<strong>reduces CO2 emissions<\/strong>\u00a0by up to 80%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Production:<\/strong>\u00a0It can be\u00a0<strong>produced<\/strong>\u00a0from\u00a0<strong>a number of sources<\/strong>\u00a0(feedstock) including\u00a0<strong>waste oil and fats, green and municipal waste and non-food crops<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It can be produced\u00a0from various sources, including<strong>\u00a0palm stearin, sapium oil, palm fatty acid distillates, algae oil, karanja,\u00a0<\/strong>and<strong>\u00a0jatropha.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can also be\u00a0<strong>produced synthetically<\/strong>\u00a0via a process that captures carbon directly from the air.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Its carbon footprint is significantly\u00a0<strong>lower than aviation turbine fuel (ATF).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is \u2018<strong>sustainable<\/strong>\u2019 because the raw feedstock does not compete with food crops or water supplies, or is responsible for forest degradation.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It remains the major mature and viable pathway to\u00a0<strong>decarbonise the aviation sector<\/strong>. At the same time, SAF only accounts for\u00a0<strong>0.3% of the current fuel use\u00a0<\/strong>for aviation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In contrast to fossil fuels, which release carbon that was previously locked up,\u00a0<strong>SAF recycles the CO2<\/strong>\u00a0that has been absorbed throughout the course of the life of the biomass utilized as the feedstock.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can be\u00a0<strong>used in existing aircraft engines<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>without modifications<\/strong>\u00a0and can be blended with conventional jet fuel, making it relatively easy to integrate into existing aviation infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Challenges associated<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Four times\u00a0<strong>more expensive<\/strong>\u00a0than traditional fossil jet fuel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scarcity of waste based feedstock.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lower energy density<\/strong>\u00a0than traditional jet fuel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sustainable-Aviation-Fuel-SAF-1024x589.webp\" alt=\"Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)\" class=\"wp-image-51772\" style=\"width:798px;height:auto\" title=\"UPSC Prelims Research: Environment 2024 11\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing&nbsp;Sustainable Aviation Fuel? Answer:&nbsp;(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Sustainable Aviation Fuel:&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[36],"years":[49],"class_list":["post-2367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-environment","years-49"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":36,"label":"Environment"}],"years":[{"value":49,"label":"2024"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":36,"name":"Environment","slug":"environment","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":36,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":193,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2367"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2367\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2367"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}