{"id":2244,"date":"2024-04-26T03:54:40","date_gmt":"2024-04-25T22:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2244"},"modified":"2024-04-26T03:54:40","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T22:24:40","slug":"q-in-india-judicial-review-implies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-in-india-judicial-review-implies","title":{"rendered":"Q. In India, Judicial Review implies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"mcq wp-block-list\">\n<li>the power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the power of the Judiciary to question the wisdom of the laws enacted by the Legislatures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the power of the Judiciary to review all the legislative enactments before they are assented to by the President.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the power of the Judiciary to review its own judgements given earlier in similar or different cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(a) the power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"judicial-review\"><strong>Judicial review<\/strong>:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Judicial review<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is the\u00a0<strong>power of the judiciary<\/strong>\u00a0to pronounce upon the\u00a0<strong>constitutionality of laws<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>executive orders<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judicial review is defined as the principle under which\u00a0<strong>executive and legislative actions are reviewed<\/strong>\u00a0by the judiciary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a type of\u00a0<strong>court proceeding<\/strong>\u00a0in which a judge\u00a0<strong>reviews the lawfulness of a decision or action made by a public body.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is the\u00a0<strong>power exerted by the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislatures, executive and administrative arms of government and to ensure that such actions conform to the provisions of the nation\u2019s Constitution.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The judiciary is vested with the\u00a0<strong>power to review the actions of the other two arms<\/strong>\u00a0(Legislative and Executive).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judicial review has\u00a0<strong>two important functions, like, of legitimizing government action<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>the protection of constitution against any undue encroachment by the gov\u00adernment.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judicial review is part of\u00a0the\u00a0<strong>basic structure of the constitution<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judicial review also gives\u00a0the\u00a0<strong>power to\u00a0the court to\u00a0declare\u00a0the action of the Government unconstitutional<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judicial review is\u00a0<strong>also called<\/strong>\u00a0the observer and interpretational role of the Indian judiciary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Examples set by the Indian judiciary<\/strong>\u00a0like Suo Moto cases, the Public Interest Litigation (PIL), etc. have allowed the judiciary to<strong>\u00a0intervene in many public issues<\/strong>, even when there is no complaint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Types of Judicial Review:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reviews of Legislative Actions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This review implies the power to ensure that\u00a0<strong>laws passed by the legislature are in compliance with the provisions of the Constitution.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Review of Administrative Actions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This is a tool for\u00a0<strong>enforcing constitutional discipline<\/strong>\u00a0over administrative agencies while exercising their powers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Review of Judicial Decisions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This review is used to correct or make any change in previous decisions by the judiciary itself.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Importance of Judicial Review:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is essential for maintaining the\u00a0<strong>supremacy of the Constitution.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is essential for\u00a0<strong>checking<\/strong>\u00a0the possible\u00a0<strong>misuse of power<\/strong>\u00a0by the legislature and executive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>protects the rights<\/strong>\u00a0of the people.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>maintains<\/strong>\u00a0the federal\u00a0<strong>balance<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is essential for securing the\u00a0<strong>independence of the judiciary<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>prevents tyranny<\/strong>\u00a0of executives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Problems with Judicial Review:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>limits the functioning of the government.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>violates the limit of power set to be exercised by the constitution<\/strong>\u00a0when it overrides any existing law.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In India, a\u00a0<strong>separation of functions rather than of powers is followed.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The concept of separation of powers is not adhered to strictly. However, a system of\u00a0<strong>checks and balances<\/strong>\u00a0have been put in place in such a manner that the judiciary has the power to strike down any\u00a0<strong>unconstitutional laws passed by the legislature.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The judicial opinions of the judges once taken for any case becomes the standard for ruling other cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judicial review can harm the public at large as the judgment may be\u00a0<strong>influenced by personal or selfish motives.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeated interventions of courts can\u00a0<strong>diminish the faith of the people in the integrity, quality, and efficiency of the government.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"constitutional-provisions-for-judicial-review\"><strong>Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Review<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There is no direct and express provision in the constitution empowering the courts to invalidate laws, but\u00a0<strong>the constitution has imposed definite limitations upon each of the organs, the transgression of which would make the law void.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>court is entrusted with the task of deciding whether any of the consti\u00adtutional limitations has been transgressed or not.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some provisions in the constitution supporting the process of judicial review are:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Article 372 (1)<\/strong>\u00a0establishes the judicial review of the\u00a0<strong>pre-constitution legislation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 13<\/strong>\u00a0declares that\u00a0<strong>any law which contravenes any of the provisions of the part of Funda\u00admental Rights shall be void<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Articles 32 and 226<\/strong>\u00a0entrusts the roles of the\u00a0<strong>protector and guarantor\u00a0<\/strong>of fundamental rights to the Supreme and High Courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 251 and 254<\/strong>\u00a0states that in case of<strong>\u00a0inconsistency between union and state laws<\/strong>, the state law shall be void.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 246 (3)<\/strong>\u00a0ensures the state legislature\u2019s exclusive powers on matters pertaining to the State List.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 245<\/strong>\u00a0states that the powers of both Parliament and State legislatures are subject to the provisions of the constitution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Articles 131-136<\/strong>\u00a0entrusts the court with the power to adjudicate disputes between individuals, between individuals and the state, between the states and the union; but the court may be required to interpret the provisions of the constitution and the interpretation given by the Supreme Court becomes the law honoured by all courts of the land.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 137<\/strong>\u00a0gives a special power to the SC to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it. An order passed in a criminal case can be reviewed and set aside only if there are errors apparent on the record.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer:&nbsp;(a) the power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders. Judicial review: Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Review<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[39],"years":[56],"class_list":["post-2244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-indian-polity","years-56"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":39,"label":"Indian Polity"}],"years":[{"value":56,"label":"2017"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":39,"name":"Indian Polity","slug":"indian-polity","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":39,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":188,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2244\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2244"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}