{"id":2195,"date":"2024-04-25T05:57:34","date_gmt":"2024-04-25T00:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=2195"},"modified":"2024-04-25T05:57:34","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T00:27:34","slug":"q-consider-the-following-statements-101","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-consider-the-following-statements-101","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0Consider the following statements:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
    \n
  1. The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959 exempts several posts from disqualification on the grounds of \u2018Office of Profit\u2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. The above-mentioned Act was amended\u00a0five times<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. The term \u2018Office of Profit\u2019 is\u00a0well-defined in the Constitution of India<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • 1 and 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1, 2 and 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      Concept of \u2018Office of Profit\u2019:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • MPs and MLAs, as members of the legislature,\u00a0hold the government accountable for its work.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • The essence of disqualification under the office of profit law is\u00a0if legislators holds an \u2018office of profit\u2019 under the government,<\/strong>\u00a0they might be susceptible to government influence, and may not discharge their constitutional mandate fairly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • The intent is that\u00a0there should be no conflict between the duties and interests<\/strong>\u00a0of an elected member.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Hence, the office of profit law\u00a0simply seeks to enforce a basic feature of the Constitution-<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • The principle of separation of power between the legislature and the executive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          What Constitutes an \u2018Office of Profit\u2019?<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • The law\u00a0does not clearly define what constitutes an office of profit<\/strong>\u00a0but the definition has evolved over the years with interpretations made in various court judgments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • An\u00a0office of profit has been interpreted to be a position<\/strong>\u00a0that brings to the office-holder some financial gain, or advantage, or benefit.\n
              \n
            • The amount of such profit is immaterial.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • In 1964, the\u00a0Supreme Court<\/strong>\u00a0ruled that the test for determining whether a person holds an office of profit is the\u00a0test of appointment<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Factors which are considered in this determination includes:<\/strong>\n
                \n
              • Whether the government is the appointing authority<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Whether the government has the power to terminate the appointment<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Whether the government determines the remuneration<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • What is the source of remuneration<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Power that comes with the position<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                What does the Constitution say about holding an \u2018Office of Profit\u2019?<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Under Article 102 (1) and Article 191 (1) of the Constitution,<\/strong>\u00a0an MP or an MLA (or an MLC) is\u00a0barred from holding any office of profit<\/strong>\u00a0under the central or state government.\n
                    \n
                  • The articles clarify that\u00a0\u201ca person shall not be deemed to hold an office of profit<\/strong>\u00a0under the government of India or the government of any state by reason only that he is a minister\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Provisions of Articles 102 and 191 also\u00a0protect a legislator occupying a government<\/strong>\u00a0position if the office in question has been made immune to disqualification by law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Parliament has also enacted the\u00a0Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959<\/strong>, which has been\u00a0amended five times\u00a0<\/strong>to expand the exempted list.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • The\u00a0Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959<\/strong>\u00a0lists certain\u00a0offices of profit<\/strong>\u00a0under the\u00a0central and state governments<\/strong>, which\u00a0do not disqualify<\/strong>\u00a0the holders from being an MP or MLA\/MLC respectively.\n
                      \n
                    • There is no bar on how many offices can be exempted from the purview of the law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      Related Judgments of the Supreme Court<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • CM will be disqualified under\u00a0Section 9A of the Representation of Peoples\u2019 Act, 1951<\/strong>\u00a0in view of three judgments of the apex court.\n
                          \n
                        • Under that section,\u00a0a contract has to be made for the supply of goods<\/strong>\u00a0or the execution of any work undertaken by the government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • A constitution bench of the Supreme Court in 1964 in the case of\u00a0CVK Rao vs Dentu Bhaskara Rao<\/strong>\u00a0has held that a mining lease does not amount to a contract of supply of goods.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • In 2001, a three-judge bench of the apex court in the case of\u00a0Kartar Singh Bhadana vs Hari Singh Nalwa & others<\/strong>\u00a0also made it clear that a mining lease does not amount to execution of a work undertaken by the government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Even if the\u00a0CM is disqualified by any authority,<\/strong>\u00a0he can challenge it in the\u00a0high court<\/strong>\u00a0and in that case and as per a Supreme Court order, the adjudication\u00a0has to be completed within four months.<\/strong>\n
                            \n
                          • Under Article 164 (4),<\/strong>\u00a0one person can be a\u00a0minister for six months<\/strong>\u00a0without being a member.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Which of the statements given above is\/are correct? Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only Concept of \u2018Office of Profit\u2019: What Constitutes an \u2018Office of Profit\u2019? What does the Constitution say about holding an \u2018Office of Profit\u2019? Related Judgments of the Supreme Court<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[39],"years":[54],"class_list":["post-2195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-indian-polity","years-54"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":39,"label":"Indian Polity"}],"years":[{"value":54,"label":"2019"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":39,"name":"Indian Polity","slug":"indian-polity","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":39,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":188,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2195\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2195"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=2195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}