{"id":1540,"date":"2024-02-18T15:25:13","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T09:55:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=1540"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:01:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:31:12","slug":"q-which-of-the-following-diseases-can-be-transmitted-from-one-person-to-another-through-tattooing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-which-of-the-following-diseases-can-be-transmitted-from-one-person-to-another-through-tattooing","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through tattooing?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chikungunya<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hepatitis B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HIV-AIDS<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"mcq wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2 and 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chikungunya\">Chikungunya<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/diseases-upsc\/\">Chikungunya<\/a>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<strong>a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an RNA virus in the alphavirus genus of the family Togaviridae<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was<strong>&nbsp;first recognized in 1952<\/strong>&nbsp;during an outbreak in southern Tanzania.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Symptoms:&nbsp;<\/strong>Chikungunya causes&nbsp;<strong>fever and severe joint pain<\/strong>, which is often debilitating and varies in duration.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dengue and Zika have similar symptoms to chikungunya<\/strong>, making chikungunya easy to misdiagnose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transmission:&nbsp;Chikungunya is transmitted to humans by the&nbsp;bites of infected female mosquitoes.&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Most commonly, the mosquitoes involved are&nbsp;<strong><em>Aedes aegypti<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>Aedes albopictus<\/strong><\/em>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These two species can also transmit other mosquito-borne viruses, including&nbsp;dengue.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They bite throughout&nbsp;daylight hours, although there may be peaks of activity in the early morning and late afternoon.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prevalence:<\/strong>&nbsp;According to WHO, It is prevalent in<strong>&nbsp;Africa, Asia, and the Americas;<\/strong>&nbsp;but sporadic outbreaks have been reported in other regions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment Options:<\/strong>&nbsp;Presently, there is&nbsp;<strong>no cure for chikungunya, with symptomatic relief&nbsp;<\/strong>being the primary approach.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Treatment involves the use of&nbsp;<strong>analgesics, antipyretics, rest, and adequate fluid intake.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is&nbsp;<strong>currently no approved vaccine or specific treatment<\/strong>&nbsp;for chikungunya virus infections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hepatitis\">Hepatitis<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/hepatitis-upsc\/\">Hepatitis<\/a>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<strong>inflammation of the liver.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>It can damage your liver.<\/strong>&nbsp;This swelling and damage can&nbsp;<strong>affect how well your liver functions.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hepatitis&nbsp;<strong>can be an acute (short-term)&nbsp;<\/strong>infection&nbsp;<strong>or a chronic (long-term) infection.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What causes hepatitis?<\/strong>&nbsp;There are<strong>&nbsp;different types of hepatitis, with different causes:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Viral hepatitis is the most common type<\/strong>. It is caused by one of several viruses \u2014 h<strong>epatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alcoholic hepatitis<\/strong>&nbsp;is caused by&nbsp;<strong>heavy alcohol use.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toxic hepatitis&nbsp;<\/strong>can be&nbsp;<strong>caused by certain poisons, chemicals, medicines<\/strong>, or supplements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Autoimmune hepatitis&nbsp;<\/strong>is a&nbsp;<strong>chronic type in which your body\u2019s immune system attacks your liver.<\/strong>&nbsp;The cause is not known, but genetics and your environment may play a role.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How is viral hepatitis spread?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hepatitis A and hepatitis E usually spread through contact with food or water<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>that is contaminated with an infected person\u2019s<\/strong>&nbsp;stool. You can also get hepatitis E by eating undercooked food.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D spread through contact with the blood<\/strong>&nbsp;of someone who has the disease.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hepatitis B and D may also spread through contact with other body fluids.<\/strong>&nbsp;This can happen in many ways, such as sharing drug needles or having unprotected sex.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hepatitis A and E are&nbsp;<strong>self-limiting diseases<\/strong>&nbsp;(i.e. go away on their own) and require<strong>&nbsp;no specific antiviral medications.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For&nbsp;<strong>Hepatitis B<\/strong>&nbsp;and C,&nbsp;<strong>effective medications are available.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hiv\">HIV<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HIV stands for<strong>&nbsp;Human Immunodeficiency Virus<\/strong>, which is a virus that attacks the&nbsp;<strong>immune system<\/strong>&nbsp;in the human body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It primarily<strong>&nbsp;targets and damages CD4 immune cells<\/strong>, which are essential for the&nbsp;<strong>body\u2019s ability to fight infections and diseases.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Over time, HIV weakens the immune system, leaving the body&nbsp;<strong>vulnerable to opportunistic infections and&nbsp;cancers.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transmission:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HIV is primarily spread through the exchange of certain bodily fluids such as&nbsp;<strong>blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Severity:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If left untreated, the virus destroys a person\u2019s immune system and they are said to be in the&nbsp;<strong>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome stage (AIDS)<\/strong>&nbsp;where they get&nbsp;<strong>several opportunistic infections that may result in death.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cure:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Although there are<strong>&nbsp;no cures for the infection at present,<\/strong>&nbsp;the disease can be managed using&nbsp;<strong>antiretroviral therapy.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These medicines suppress the replication of the virus within the body,&nbsp;<strong>allowing the number of CD4 immune cells to bounce back.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only Chikungunya Hepatitis HIV<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[44],"years":[60],"class_list":["post-1540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-science-and-tech","years-60"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and 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