{"id":1508,"date":"2024-02-18T15:08:10","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T09:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=1508"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:05:58","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:35:58","slug":"q-with-reference-to-two-non-conventional-energy-sources-called-coalbed-methane-and-shale-gas-consider-the-following-statements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-with-reference-to-two-non-conventional-energy-sources-called-coalbed-methane-and-shale-gas-consider-the-following-statements","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0With reference to two non-conventional energy sources called \u2018coalbed methane\u2019 and \u2018shale gas\u2019, consider the following statements:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
    \n
  1. Coalbed methane is the pure methane gas extracted from coal seams, while<\/strong> shale gas is a mixture of propane and butane only<\/strong> that can be extracted from fine-grained sedimentary rocks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. In India, abundant coalbed methane sources exist, but so far no<\/strong> shale gas sources have been found.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Which of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • 1 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Both 1 and 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Neither 1 nor 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Answer:<\/strong> (d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      Coalbed methane<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Coal bed methane (CBM) is an unconventional form of natural gas found in coal deposits or coal seams<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • It is a primary clean energy source of natural gas.<\/strong> It is called \u2018sweet gas\u2019 because of its lack of hydrogen sulfide.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • The presence of this gas is well known from its occurrence in underground coal mining<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Unlike much natural gas from conventional reservoirs, coalbed methane contains very little heavier hydrocarbons such as propane or butane, and no natural-gas condensate<\/strong>. It often contains up to a few percent carbon dioxide<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Gas contained in coal bed methane is mainly methane and trace quantities of ethane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and few other gases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Coalbed methane is generally formed due to thermal maturation of kerogen and organic matter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • With one of the largest proven coal reserves, and one of the largest coal producer in the world, India holds significant prospects for commercial recovery of coalbed methane.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • The Gondwana sediments<\/strong> of eastern India host the bulk of India\u2019s coal reserves and all the current CBM producing blocks. The vast majority of the best prospective areas for CBM development are in eastern India, situated in Damodar Koel valley and Son valley.<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • CBM projects exist in Raniganj South, Raniganj East and Raniganj North areas in the Raniganj coalfield, the Parbatpur block in Jharia coalfield and the East and west Bokaro coalfields. Son valley includes the Sonhat North and Sohagpur East and West blocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          Shale Gas<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Shales are fine-grained sedimentary rocks formed of organic-rich mud at the bottom of ancient seas<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Subsequent sedimentation and the resultant heat and pressure transformed the mud into shale and also produced natural gas from the organic matter contained in it.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Over long spans of geologic time, some of the gas migrated to adjacent sandstones and was trapped in them, forming conventional gas accumulations. The rest of the gas remained locked in the nonporous shale.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Shale gas and oil are unconventional natural resources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Shale gas is natural gas and is a hydrocarbon gas mixture.\n
              \n
            • It consists mainly of methane<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • It contains other hydrocarbons like ethane, propane, and butane<\/strong>, and it also contains carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • India has identified six basins as areas for shale gas exploration<\/strong>:\n
                \n
              • Cambay (Gujarat), Assam-Arakan (North East), Gondwana (Central India), Krishna Godavari onshore (East Coast), Cauvery onshore, and Indo-Gangetic basins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Extraction of Shale Gas:<\/strong>\n
                  \n
                • Shale gas occurs frequently at depths exceeding 1,500 metres (5,000 feet).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Extraction is done through horizontal drilling<\/strong> through the shale seam, followed by hydraulic fracturing<\/strong>, or fracking<\/strong>, of the rock by the injecting of fluid at extremely high pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
                  \n
                  \"The<\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Which of the statement(s) given above is\/are correct? Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Coalbed methane Shale Gas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[44],"years":[59],"class_list":["post-1508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-science-and-tech","years-59"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":59,"label":"2014"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1508"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1536,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1508\/revisions\/1536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1508"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=1508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}