{"id":1496,"date":"2024-02-18T14:58:59","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T09:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=1496"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:06:06","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:36:06","slug":"q-consider-the-following-techniques-phenomena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-consider-the-following-techniques-phenomena","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0Consider the following techniques\/phenomena:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Budding and grafting in fruit plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cytoplasmic male sterility<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gene silencing<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which of the above is\/are used to create&nbsp;<strong>transgenic crops<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"mcq wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 and 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(b) 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transgenic-crops\"><strong>Transgenic Crops<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Transgenic Crops&nbsp;<\/strong>are the&nbsp;crops&nbsp;that&nbsp;<strong>have&nbsp;their genomes modified through genetic engineering techniques<\/strong>&nbsp;either by the addition of a foreign gene or removal of a certain detrimental gene.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The aim is to introduce a new trait to the plat which does not naturally occur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A transgenic plant contains a gene or genes that have been&nbsp;<strong>artificially inserted<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GMO vs Transgenic Organisms:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) and transgenic organism are two terms that are used interchangeably.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, there is a&nbsp;<strong>slight difference<\/strong>&nbsp;between GMO and transgenic organism. Although both have altered genomes, a transgenic organism is a GMO&nbsp;<strong>containing a DNA sequence or a gene from a different species.<\/strong>&nbsp;While a GMO is an&nbsp;<strong>animal, plant, or microbe<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>whose DNA has been altered<\/strong>&nbsp;using genetic engineering techniques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, all transgenic organisms are GMOs, but not all GMOs are transgenic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Concerns related to Transgenic Crops<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lack Nutritional Value:<\/strong>&nbsp;GM foods can sometimes&nbsp;<strong>lack nutritional value despite their increased production<\/strong>&nbsp;and pest resistance focus. This is because the emphasis is often placed on enhancing certain traits rather than nutritional content.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Risks to Ecosystems:<\/strong>&nbsp;GM production can also&nbsp;<strong>pose risks to ecosystems and biodiversity.<\/strong>&nbsp;It may disrupt gene flow and harm indigenous varieties, leading to a loss of diversity in the long run.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trigger Allergic Reactions:<\/strong>&nbsp;Genetically modified foods have the potential to&nbsp;<strong>trigger allergic reactions<\/strong>&nbsp;since they are biologically altered. This can be&nbsp;<strong>problematic for<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>ndividuals accustomed<\/strong>&nbsp;to conventional varieties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Endangered Animals:<\/strong>&nbsp;Wildlife is also at risk due to GM crops. For instance, genetically modified plants used for producing plastic or pharmaceuticals can&nbsp;<strong>endanger animals like mice or deer<\/strong>&nbsp;that consume crop debris left in fields after harvest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"budding-and-grafting\"><strong>Budding and Grafting<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Budding and Grafting&nbsp;<\/strong>are horticultural techniques,&nbsp;<strong>Grafting<\/strong>&nbsp;is the act of placing a portion of one&nbsp;<strong>plant<\/strong>&nbsp;(bud or scion) into or on a&nbsp;<strong>stem, root, or branch of another (stock)<\/strong>&nbsp;in such a way that a union will be formed and the partners will continue to grow.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the&nbsp;<strong>budding<\/strong>&nbsp;process, a&nbsp;<strong>bud<\/strong>&nbsp;is taken from one plant and grown on another.&nbsp;<strong>It does not lead to any genetic modification.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cytoplasmic-male-sterility\"><strong>Cytoplasmic male sterility<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cytoplasmic male sterility<\/strong>&nbsp;is total or partial&nbsp;<strong>male sterility<\/strong>&nbsp;in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Male sterility<\/strong>&nbsp;is the failure of plants to produce&nbsp;<strong>pollen or&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>male<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;gametes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The cytoplasmic&nbsp;male sterility systems&nbsp;<\/strong>are widely utilized<strong>&nbsp;in crop plants for hybrid breeding<\/strong>&nbsp;due to the convenience of controlling sterility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gene-silencing\"><strong>Gene Silencing<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gene Silencing&nbsp;<\/strong>using<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>RNA interference technology<\/strong>,<strong>&nbsp;transcriptional gene silencing<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>virus-induced gene silencing<\/strong>, has been used in&nbsp;horticultural techniques.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The double-strand&nbsp;RNAs present inside the cell are responsible for producing&nbsp;small interfering RNAs, short hairpin RNAs, and micro RNAs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the above is\/are used to create&nbsp;transgenic crops? Answer:&nbsp;(b) 2 and 3 Transgenic Crops Budding and Grafting Cytoplasmic male sterility Gene Silencing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[44],"years":[59],"class_list":["post-1496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-science-and-tech","years-59"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":59,"label":"2014"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1496"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1524,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1496\/revisions\/1524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1496"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=1496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}