{"id":1490,"date":"2024-02-18T14:52:47","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T09:22:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=1490"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:06:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:36:11","slug":"q-which-of-the-following-are-some-important-pollutants-released-by-steel-industry-in-india-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-which-of-the-following-are-some-important-pollutants-released-by-steel-industry-in-india-2","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0Which of the following are some important pollutants released by steel industry in India?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oxides of sulphur<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oxides of nitrogen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carbon monoxide<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carbon dioxide<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Select the correct answer using the code given below<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"mcq wp-block-list\">\n<li>1, 3 and 4 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 and 4 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1, 2, 3 and 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"steel-industry\"><strong>Steel<\/strong>&nbsp;Industry<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/iron-and-steel-industry-upsc\/\">Steel<\/a>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<strong>\u2018iron with most of the carbon removed\u2019<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Steel is primarily sourced from iron ore<\/strong>, and&nbsp;<strong>98% of mined iron ore goes into manufacturing steel.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Iron constitutes about five per cent of the Earth\u2019s crust and is the fourth most abundant element in the crust.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Steel is an essential commodity since it facilitates many other industries including construction, automobile, machinery, electrical equipment, and a variety of products ranging from cookware to furniture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India is the second-largest steel producer in the world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The main pollutants are particulate matter,&nbsp;<strong>oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, and carbon monoxide along with high emissions of carbon dioxide<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coke (mostly carbon),&nbsp;reacts with the&nbsp;blast&nbsp;air to produce carbon monoxide, which, in turn, reacts with the&nbsp;iron&nbsp;oxide to produce carbon dioxide and metallic&nbsp;iron.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Iron ore<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Iron doesn\u2019t occur naturally<\/strong>. Being highly reactive, it combines easily with other minerals to form ores. Those with the highest iron content are found near the surface of the earth and are relatively easy to mine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The principal iron ores are hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Most iron ore is extracted through&nbsp;<strong>opencast mines.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To be economically viable for mining, iron ore must contain at least 20% iron.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Limestone<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limestone is calcium carbonate (CaCO3)<\/strong>. It is mainly&nbsp;<strong>composed of the skeletal remains of marine organisms.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geologically, limestone occurs as a sedimentary layer over bedrock. As such it is relatively easy to extract through quarrying.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limestone is removed from the quarry, crushed and transported to steel mills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Coke<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Coke is produced from coal.<\/strong>&nbsp;The coal is heated, or \u2018carbonised\u2019 in an oven until it becomes coke. It is then removed from the oven and cooled before use in the blast furnace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The coal gas produced during carbonisation is collected and used as a fuel in the manufacturing process while by-products such as tar, benzole and sulphur are extracted for further refining.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"environmental-impact-of-steel-production\"><strong>Environmental impact of Steel production<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Steel production has a number of impacts on the environment, including&nbsp;<strong>air emissions (CO, SOx, NOx, PM2), wastewater contaminants, hazardous wastes, and solid wastes<\/strong>. The major environmental impacts from integrated steel mills are from&nbsp;<strong>coking and iron-making.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Climate change<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Virtually all of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with steel production are from the carbon dioxide emissions related to energy consumption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emissions to air<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Coke production is one of the major pollution sources from steel production. Air emissions such as coke oven gas, naphthalene, ammonium compounds, crude light oil, sulfur and coke dust are released from coke ovens.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emissions to water<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Water emissions come from the water used to cool coke after it has finished baking. Quenching water becomes contaminated with coke breezes and other compounds. While the volume of contaminated water can be great, quenching water is fairly easy to reuse. Most pollutants can be removed by filtration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Waste<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slag, the limestone and iron ore impurities collected at the top of the molten iron, make up the largest portion of iron-making by-products. Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are volatized and captured in air emissions control equipment and the residual slag is sold to the construction industry. While this is not a pollution prevention technique, the solid waste does not reach landfills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gaseous emissions and metal dust are the most prominent sources of waste from electric arc furnaces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"national-steel-policy-2017\"><strong>National Steel Policy 2017<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The National Steel Policy which was released in 2017&nbsp;<strong>aims to attain a steel production capacity in India of 300 MT by 2030.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It has a long-term vision to enhance domestic consumption, produce high-quality steel and make the sector globally competitive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The policy\u2019s mission<\/strong>&nbsp;is to create an environment that enables:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Self-sufficiency in the production of steel by giving policy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>support and guidance to MSME producers of steel, the private sector, central public sector enterprises and boost sufficient capacity additions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Development of internationally competitive manufacturing capabilities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increase in the domestic demand for steel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cost-efficient production and domestic availability of iron ore, coking coal and natural gas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investment in overseas asset acquisitions of raw materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"green-steel\">Green Steel<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Green Steel is the<strong>&nbsp;manufacturing of&nbsp;steel&nbsp;without the use of fossil fuels<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This can be done by using&nbsp;<strong>low-carbon energy sources such as hydrogen, coal gasification, or electricity<\/strong>&nbsp;instead of the traditional carbon-intensive manufacturing route of coal-fired plants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It eventually<strong>&nbsp;lowers&nbsp;greenhouse gas emissions, cuts cost and improves the quality of steel.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Low-carbon hydrogen (blue hydrogen and green hydrogen)<\/strong>&nbsp;can help<strong>&nbsp;reduce the steel industry\u2019s carbon footprint.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ways of Production:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Substituting the Primary Production Processes with Cleaner Alternatives:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Replacing conventional sources of energy with low-carbon hydrogen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Direct electrification through electrolysis of iron ore.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The steel industry is the largest industrial sector in terms of intensive energy and resource use. It is&nbsp;<strong>one of the biggest emitters of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In view of commitments made at the<strong>&nbsp;Conference of the Parties (COP26)<\/strong>&nbsp;climate change conference, the Indian steel industry<strong>&nbsp;needs to reduce its emissions substantially by 2030 and hit net-zero carbon emissions by 2070.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Select the correct answer using the code given below Answer:&nbsp;(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Steel&nbsp;Industry Iron ore Limestone Coke Environmental impact of Steel production National Steel Policy 2017 Green Steel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[44],"years":[59],"class_list":["post-1490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-science-and-tech","years-59"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":59,"label":"2014"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1490"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1518,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1490\/revisions\/1518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1490"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=1490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}