{"id":1359,"date":"2024-02-17T18:35:41","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T13:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=1359"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:14:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:44:53","slug":"q-which-of-the-following-are-the-reasons-for-the-occurrence-of-multi-drug-resistance-in-microbial-pathogens-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-which-of-the-following-are-the-reasons-for-the-occurrence-of-multi-drug-resistance-in-microbial-pathogens-in-india","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
    \n
  1. Genetic<\/strong> predisposition of some people<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Multiple chronic diseases<\/strong> in some people<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • 1 and 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 2 and 3 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 1, 3 and 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 2, 3 and 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      Multidrug-resistant<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Multidrug-resistant organisms are bacteria that have become resistant to certain antibiotics, and these antibiotics can no longer be used to control or kill the bacteria.<\/strong> Bacteria that resist treatment with more than one antibiotic are called multidrug-resistant organisms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Reasons<\/strong> for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India are \u2013\n
          \n
        • Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • The use of a high volume of antibiotics in livestock farming<\/strong> contributes to the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.\n
            \n
          • These bacteria can be transmitted from animals to humans via direct contact with animals<\/strong>, or through the food chain <\/strong>and the environment. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Inadequate sanitary conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Inappropriate food handling, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Poor infection control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Antibiotics:<\/strong>\n
              \n
            • Antibiotics are remarkable drugs capable of killing biological organisms<\/strong> in one\u2019s body without harming the body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • These are used for everything from preventing infections during surgeries to protecting cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.<\/strong>\n
                \n
              • India is the world\u2019s largest consumer of antibiotics<\/strong>. India\u2019s excessive antibiotic usage is leading to a powerful never before seen mutation within bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Drug Resistance:<\/strong>\n
                  \n
                • Drug resistance happens when one overuses antibiotics in the treatment of humans,<\/strong> animals as well as plants.\n
                    \n
                  • When a new antibiotic is introduced, it can have great, even lifesaving results but only for some time. After that, the bacteria adapts and gradually the antibiotics become less effective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Antibiotic resistance has the potential to affect people at any stage<\/strong> of life. When a person is infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria, not only the treatment of that patient becomes difficult, but antibiotic resistant bacteria may spread to other people as well.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • When antibiotics do not work, the situation may lead to more complicated diseases,<\/strong> the use of stronger and expensive drugs and gradually more deaths caused by bacterial infections.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • The spread of antibiotic resistance worldwide is undermining decades of progress in fighting bacterial infections.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    Genetic predisposition<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • A genetic predisposition (sometimes also called genetic susceptibility<\/strong>) is an increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person\u2019s genetic makeup<\/strong>. A genetic predisposition results from specific genetic variations that are often inherited from a parent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • These genetic changes contribute to the development of a disease but do not directly cause it. Some people with a predisposing genetic variation will never get the disease while others will, even within the same family.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Genetic testing is able to identify<\/strong> individuals who are genetically predisposed to certain diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      Chronic Disease<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Chronic disease or chronic illness is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more <\/strong>and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Common chronic diseases include<\/strong>: diabetes, functional gastrointestinal disorder, eczema, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and some viral diseases such as hepatitis C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Select the correct answer using the code given below. Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only Multidrug-resistant Genetic predisposition Chronic Disease<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[44],"years":[54],"class_list":["post-1359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-science-and-tech","years-54"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":54,"label":"2019"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1359"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1366,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1359\/revisions\/1366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1359"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=1359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}