{"id":1354,"date":"2024-02-17T18:45:40","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T13:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=1354"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:14:50","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:44:50","slug":"q-with-reference-to-the-recent-developments-in-science-which-one-of-the-following-statements-is-not-correct","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-with-reference-to-the-recent-developments-in-science-which-one-of-the-following-statements-is-not-correct","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0With reference to the recent developments in science, which one of the following statements is not correct?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"mcq wp-block-list\">\n<li>Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pieces of artificial functional DNA can be created in laboratories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A piece of DNA taken out from an animal cell can be made to replicate outside a living cell in a laboratory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cells taken out from plants and animals can be made to undergo cell division in laboratory petri dishes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"notes\">Notes:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Artificial chromosomes&nbsp;<\/strong>can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Functional chromosomes can not be created using DNA taken from cells of&nbsp;different species.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scientists at Cambridge University have created the world\u2019s first living organism that has a fully synthetic and radically altered DNA code.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pieces of artificial functional DNA can be created in laboratories and this process is known as&nbsp;<strong>Artificial Gene Synthesis.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A piece of DNA taken out from an animal cell can be made to replicate outside a living cell in a laboratory and this is called&nbsp;<strong>cloning.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cells taken out from plants and animals can be made to undergo cell division in laboratory Petri&nbsp;dishes and this is a process of plant and animal&nbsp;<strong>tissue culture<\/strong>&nbsp;technology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tissue-culture\">Tissue culture<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tissue culture (TC) is&nbsp;<strong>the cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs on specially formulated nutrient media<\/strong>. Under the right conditions, an&nbsp;<strong>entire plant can be regenerated from a single cell.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The cultured tissue may&nbsp;<strong>consist<\/strong>&nbsp;of a single cell, a population of cells, or a whole or part of an organ.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cells in culture may multiply; change size, form, or function; exhibit specialized activity (muscle cells, for example, may contract); or interact with other cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cloning\">Cloning&nbsp;<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cloning is a&nbsp;technique&nbsp;scientists&nbsp;<strong>use to make exact genetic copies of living things<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>Genes, cells, tissues, and even whole animals can all be&nbsp;cloned.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Some clones already exist in nature<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of themselves each time they reproduce. In humans, identical twins are similar to clones. They share almost the exact same genes. Identical twins are created when a fertilized egg splits in two.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scientists also make clones in the lab<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They often clone genes in order to study and better understand them. To clone a gene, researchers take DNA from a living creature and insert it into a carrier like bacteria or yeast. Every time that carrier reproduces, a new copy of the gene is made.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Animals are cloned in one of two ways.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first is called&nbsp;<strong>embryo twinning<\/strong>. Scientists first split an embryo in half. Those two halves are then placed in a mother\u2019s uterus. Each part of the embryo develops into a unique animal, and the two animals share the same genes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The second method is called&nbsp;<strong>somatic cell nuclear transfer.<\/strong>&nbsp;Somatic cells are all the cells that make up an organism, but that are not sperm or egg cells. Sperm and egg cells contain only one set of chromosomes, and when they join during fertilization, the mother\u2019s chromosomes merge with the father\u2019s.&nbsp;<strong>Somatic cells, on the other hand, already contain two full sets of chromosomes<\/strong>. To make a clone, scientists transfer the DNA from an animal\u2019s somatic cell into an egg cell that has had its nucleus and DNA removed. The egg develops into an embryo that contains the same genes as the cell donor. Then the embryo is implanted into an adult female\u2019s uterus to grow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"artificial-gene-synthesis\">Artificial gene synthesis<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Artificial gene synthesis, or simply&nbsp;<strong>gene synthesis<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells,&nbsp;<strong>artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It comprises two main steps, the first of which is solid-phase DNA synthesis, sometimes known as DNA printing. This produces oligonucleotide fragments that are generally under 200 base pairs. The second step then involves connecting these oligonucleotide fragments using various DNA assembly methods.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Because artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, it is theoretically possible to make a completely synthetic DNA molecule with no limits on the nucleotide sequence or size.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Answer: (a) Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species. Notes: Tissue culture Cloning&nbsp; Artificial gene synthesis<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[44],"years":[54],"class_list":["post-1354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-science-and-tech","years-54"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":54,"label":"2019"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1354"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1371,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1354\/revisions\/1371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1354"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=1354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}