{"id":1300,"date":"2024-02-17T16:54:18","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T11:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/?p=1300"},"modified":"2024-04-03T07:17:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T01:47:54","slug":"q-with-reference-to-recent-developments-regarding-recombinant-vector-vaccines-consider-the-following-statements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/upsc\/q-with-reference-to-recent-developments-regarding-recombinant-vector-vaccines-consider-the-following-statements","title":{"rendered":"Q.\u00a0With reference to recent developments regarding \u2018Recombinant vector Vaccines\u2019, consider the following statements:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
    \n
  1. Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Bacteria and<\/strong> viruses are used as vectors.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • 1 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 2 only<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Both 1 and 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Neither 1 nor 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      Recombinant Vector Vaccines<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Genetic engineering is applied in the development of Recombinant vector vaccines. Genetic engineering involves techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA)<\/strong>, to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • The techniques of genetic engineering include creation of recombinant DNA<\/strong>, use of gene cloning and gene transfer. Recombinant vaccines are made of a viral or bacterial vector<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Recombinant vector vaccines are live replicating viruses that are engineered to carry extra genes derived from a pathogen<\/strong>\u2014and these extra genes produce proteins against which we want to generate immunity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • These vaccine genomes may evolve to lose the extra genes during the process of manufacture of the vaccine or during replication within an individual<\/strong>, and there is a concern that this evolution might severely limit the vaccine\u2019s efficacy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        DNA Vaccine<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • DNA vaccines work by injecting <\/strong>genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells directly produce the antigen, thus causing a protective immunological response.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • The DNA is injected directly into the body\u2019s cells<\/strong>, where it instructs the cells to produce the antigen.\n
            \n
          • The immune system then recognizes the antigen as foreign<\/strong> and mounts an immune response against it,<\/strong> which helps to develop immunity to the pathogen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • DNA vaccines are third-generation vaccines.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • DNA vaccines have theoretical advantages over conventional vaccines<\/strong>, including the \u201cability to induce a wider range of types of immune response\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • These vaccines are yet not completely appropriate for human use and can only be used for animal species.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Advantages of DNA Vaccine<\/strong>:\n
              \n
            • The immune response focused on the antigen of interest<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Cost-effective<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Less risk for infection<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Antigen presentation by MHC class I and class II molecules<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Long-term persistence of immunogen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Limitations of DNA Vaccine:<\/strong>\n
                \n
              • Risk of affecting genes controlling cell growth<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Possibility of tolerance to the antigen<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Potential for atypical processing of bacterial and parasite proteins<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Limited to protein immunogens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • In August 2021, Indian authorities gave emergency approval to ZyCoV-D<\/strong>. Developed by Cadila Healthcare<\/strong>, it is the first DNA vaccine approved for humans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Which of the statements given above is\/are correct? Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2 Recombinant Vector Vaccines DNA Vaccine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[44],"years":[52],"class_list":["post-1300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-upsc","category-prelims","tag-science-and-tech","years-52"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"UPSC"},{"value":3,"label":"Prelims"}],"post_tag":[{"value":44,"label":"Science and Tech"}],"years":[{"value":52,"label":"2021"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"LotusArise","author_link":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/author\/team-lotusarise"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"UPSC","slug":"upsc","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1269,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":1269,"category_description":"","cat_name":"UPSC","category_nicename":"upsc","category_parent":0},{"term_id":3,"name":"Prelims","slug":"prelims","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":1,"count":1251,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3,"category_count":1251,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Prelims","category_nicename":"prelims","category_parent":1}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":44,"name":"Science and Tech","slug":"science-and-tech","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":44,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":167,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1300"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1595,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1300\/revisions\/1595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1300"},{"taxonomy":"years","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lotusarise.com\/qna\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/years?post=1300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}